Military & Wartime

Houston, TX

Robert W. Montgomery served in Captain Henry Teal's company of regular soldiers at the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836, the decisive fight that won Texas its independence from Mexico. He died in Houston in June 1837, in the earliest days of the Republic of Texas.

Jacksboro, TX

As settlers pushed into North Texas in the early 1870s, a small ranching and sharecropping community took root along Roberts Branch, a Trinity River tributary named for a visiting Texas jurist who would soon be governor. The oldest graves here cluster around an unknown cowboy who died on a cattle drive, marked at first only by rough sandstone; the earliest dated stone belongs to an infant from 1881. Tended each spring since the 1890s, the ground also holds more than twenty veterans spanning the Civil War through Vietnam.

Cedar Hill, TX

A North Carolina native, Dr. R. A. Roberts (1837–1906) settled in Cedar Hill in 1859 and, after serving as a Confederate Army surgeon, returned to build a prominent medical practice. He helped bring the Grand Central and Santa Fe rail line through town, tying the community into the growing Texas rail network. In 1884 he built this late-Victorian home, notable for its jig-sawn porch work and stick-style gable brackets.

Austin, TX

In the 1860s the Roberts and Teague families settled the rugged Bee Cave country west of Austin, making their living as farmers, ranchers, cedar choppers, and coal-kiln burners. This cemetery is said to have begun in 1898 when Joseph Roberts offered a plot to a grieving family for an infant's burial. Among the veterans buried here is Alfred R. "Buck" Simpson, remembered as one of the most decorated American soldiers of World War I.

Waco, TX

A block south lie two of the Confederacy's rare father-and-son generals — the only such pair besides Robert E. Lee and his son. Jerome B. Robertson led Hood's famed Texas Brigade from 1862 to 1864 before settling in Waco, where he died in 1890; his son Felix, who served in the Army of Tennessee, followed decades later in 1928. Together their graves knit a single Waco family into the larger drama of the Civil War.

Franklin, TX

Robertson County grew from an 1822 colonization contract held by Sterling Clack Robertson, who recruited settlers from Tennessee and later signed the Texas Declaration of Independence. Created in 1837 and organized in 1838, the county shuffled its seat among a half-dozen towns before settling on Franklin in 1879. During the Civil War it sent five companies into Confederate service and turned its mills toward making cloth, flour, and supplies for soldiers' families.

Bensalem Township, PA · est. 2007

On September 2, 1781, French and American troops under Comte de Rochambeau and General George Washington camped along nearby Poquessing Creek as they marched south. Officers used the Red Lion Inn, once located here, as a headquarters. This encampment was one leg of the extraordinary overland march that carried the allied army to Yorktown, where the decisive victory of the Revolution was won.

Chester, PA · est. 1954

In the late summer of 1781, the combined French and Continental armies were racing south for the decisive campaign that would end the Revolutionary War. After a grand review before Congress in Philadelphia, the allied columns marched down the old King's Highway toward Wilmington, pausing to camp here at Chester on September 5. Within weeks these same troops would help trap Cornwallis at Yorktown.

City of Rochester, NY

Standing in the heart of Rochester, this memorial honors the men and women of the region who served in the nation's armed forces. Like countless veterans memorials raised across American cities in the twentieth century, it offers a public space for remembrance and gratitude, its dedication—"that our country might endure"—linking individual sacrifice to the survival of the republic itself.

Tolar, TX

The Rock Church community took root in the 1850s with pioneer families like the Caraways—Jesse Caraway had been a Tennessee neighbor of Davy Crockett—who let settlers raise a two-story cut-stone building on his land and later deeded ground for a church, school, Masonic lodge, and cemetery. The first burial came in 1873, and roughly 700 graves now fill the ground, including many veterans from the Civil War through a decorated Vietnam soldier. Fraternal-order headstones and yearly reunions still draw descendants back.

Lancaster, PA · est. 1951

Rock Ford was the Georgian mansion of Edward Hand, an Irish-born Lancaster physician who rose to serve as Adjutant General of the Continental Army under George Washington. After the Revolution he settled into this home along the Conestoga, and in 1791 he welcomed President Washington himself as a guest. The mansion survives about half a mile to the southeast.

Nacogdoches, TX

Land here was deeded for burials in 1853, though graves may date to the 1840s, and for decades the historic Cumberland Presbyterian Church oversaw the ground. Families of the deceased tended it until a cemetery association formed in 1965. Among the interred are Rock Springs pioneers and veterans of conflicts from the Texas War for Independence through the Civil War, resting beneath vertical stones, Masonic markers, and interior fencing.

Lovelady vicinity, TX

Benjamin Thomas Ellis, born in Alabama in 1825, came to Texas as a boy and by mid-century was farming the land around this site, where his family began burying its dead. Two of the men laid here—John Milliken and Ellis himself—served in the Texas militia during the Confederacy. In 1890 the family deeded the ground to a new Rockland Church, and by 1892 a combined church and school stood before the cemetery, serving as a community center until the school consolidated with Lovelady in the 1940s.

Fulton, TX

In 1943 wartime need turned 700 acres of Aransas County into a military airfield, leased first to the U.S. Navy and, from 1955, to the Air Force as a coastal radar station. During the tense days of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis the site scanned the skies for approaching aircraft as part of a strengthened American coastal defense. Behind its fences stood operations buildings, barracks, family housing, and even a recreation hall with a bowling alley.

Rockport, TX

For more than a century this cemetery has served the coastal towns of Rockport and Fulton, its oldest marked grave that of young Emma Fulton, granddaughter of area developer George Ware Fulton, who was buried here in 1893. A wave of burials in 1918 records the toll of the great influenza epidemic. Among its graves lie veterans of conflicts from the Texas Revolution through Vietnam.

Rockwall, TX

In the small North Texas county of Rockwall, citizens raised this memorial to honor everyone from the community who served in the nation's armed forces, and above all those who never came home. Its language — echoing Lincoln's phrase 'the last full measure of devotion' — deliberately reaches across every American conflict rather than singling out one war. Memorials like this became a fixture of county courthouse squares and city parks across the twentieth century.

Nash County, NC

Begun in 1818 on the falls of the Tar River, Rocky Mount Mills was the second cotton mill established in North Carolina, harnessing water power to spin the region's cotton. Union forces burned the mill in 1863 during the Civil War, but it was quickly rebuilt and returned to production. The mill anchored one of the state's earliest industrial communities.

Adams County, CO

The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was built on the plains northeast of Denver in 1942 to manufacture chemical weapons and incendiary munitions for the American war effort in World War II, and later served Cold War production needs. When its military mission ended, the same ground became one of the nation's most ambitious environmental cleanups, its contaminated acres eventually transformed into a national wildlife refuge. This marker honors the generations of workers who carried the site through all three chapters — production, demilitarization, and restoration — from 1942 to 2012.

Yellow Springs, OH

After serving as a paratrooper in World War II, a young veteran arrived at Antioch College in Yellow Springs during the late 1940s, part of the wave of ex-servicemen who filled American campuses on the GI Bill. It was here, in this small progressive Ohio town, that Rod Serling first found his voice as a writer and began working in early radio and television. Within a decade he would become one of the defining talents of television's live-drama golden age, best remembered for the anthology series that blended science fiction with sharp social commentary.

Valley Mills, TX

Roden Taylor Crain left Tennessee to join the fight for Texas independence, serving in a San Augustine County volunteer company at the decisive Battle of San Jacinto in April 1836. Like many veterans of that struggle, he was rewarded with a land grant and pension, and he built his life on that frontier acreage in what became Bosque County until his drowning in the Bosque River in 1891.

Baltimore, MD

This cannon marks Rodgers Bastion, a key point in the chain of earthworks that ringed Baltimore against British attack in September 1814. Manned in part by sailors under Commodore John Rodgers, the fortifications formed part of a defensive line of some 12,000 men and 100 guns commanded by General Samuel Smith. The marker was placed in 1914 to mark the centennial of the city's defense.

Kennedale, TX

Georgia native Thomas F. Rodgers and his wife Mary came to Texas from Kansas in the late 1850s, and he built a life as a successful farmer and stock raiser—service in the Confederate Army interrupting those years. He became one of Kennedale's leading landowners, and part of his property was set aside as this burial ground. Most who rest here are Rodgers family, though the earliest marked grave belongs to a neighbor's infant son.

Corsicana, TX

This Corsicana home was long the residence of Roger Quarles Mills, who came from Kentucky in 1852, served as a colonel in the Civil War, and then represented Texas in Congress and the U.S. Senate for 27 years. He began the house in 1856 using logs from an 1847 cabin on the site and finished it in 1875. Its broad verandas and carriage lamps recall the plantation era.

Jefferson, TX

Built in 1839, this is the oldest house in Jefferson, once a bustling riverport in East Texas. It was home to Gen. J. H. Rogers, a Civil War leader, and has served as a Presbyterian manse since 1903. Its long survival mirrors the town's own arc from antebellum boomtown to quiet historic community.

Rio Hondo, TX

In the tense weeks after the United States annexed Texas, Zachary Taylor pushed his army to the Rio Grande, and supply trains moved along the dangerous frontier between Corpus Christi and Point Isabel. In May 1846, at the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, a supply party led by the Rogers family was ambushed near here, and after a false promise of quarter, the men, women, and children were murdered. Only the gravely wounded William Long Rogers survived, walking over forty miles to safety.

Nelson County, KY

In the dangerous years of the Revolution, frontier surveyor and soldier James Rogers marked out a thousand-acre claim here in 1775 and by 1780 had planted a fortified station on it. A veteran of Dunmore's War and the Revolution, Rogers was commissioned a militia colonel and justice of the peace by Virginia's governor Patrick Henry, and he signed the early petitions asking that Kentucky be separated from Virginia. Stations like his were the seeds of permanent settlement.

Junction, TX

The Kimble County community of Roosevelt got its start with an 1898 post office — and its name from Washington, apparently in honor of Theodore Roosevelt, whose Rough Riders had passed through the area before their famous Spanish-American War service. Sitting where two military roads crossed, it grew into a social hub for surrounding ranch families, with a lodge, churches, stores, and a school. It reflects the ranching frontier at the turn of the century.

Texarkana, TX

Founded as City Cemetery in 1874, just months after Texarkana was established, Rose Hill holds the town's first citizens—doctors, lawyers, tradespeople, and legislators—alongside some seventy Confederate and three Union soldiers. Later burials include victims of the 1882 Paragon Saloon disaster and soldiers of both World Wars, with many older graves resting in concrete 'cradles' typical of the era.

Tulia, TX

This hillside burial ground began in October 1890, just months after Swisher County organized and Tulia became county seat, when the family of 18-year-old Louis Harral won permission to bury him above Middle Tule Creek. A four-year-old boy joined him twelve days later, and by 1906 five acres were set aside as a community cemetery, formally named Rose Hill by a cemetery association in 1916. Among those interred are county officials, two lawmen killed in the line of duty, and veterans of every American war from the Civil War through Vietnam.

Round Point, TX

South Carolinian Anson Taylor settled this point on Trinity Bay as early as 1828, bringing his wife and children from Tennessee to the Mexican province of Texas. Three of the Taylor sons would die at the Alamo in the fight for independence. The land later passed to Thomas Jefferson Chambers—namesake of the county and a figure of endless legal disputes—before clear title returned to Taylor's heirs, and the site drew still more ownership battles into the 20th century.

Round Top, TX

Standing on the route of the Old San Felipe Trail, this monument honors the pioneers of the Round Top vicinity who fought for Texas independence. It names veterans of the Battle of San Jacinto and the Battle of Velasco, along with men of the Santa Fe, Snively, and Mier expeditions that followed in the turbulent Republic years. Several members of the Townsend family are among those remembered.

Round Top, TX

This Fayette County community was home to a remarkable cluster of Texas founders — veterans of the Battle of San Jacinto, one of the men who captured Santa Anna, the Republic of Texas's first postmaster general, and a boy taken captive on the Mier Expedition. By mid-century it had also become a vibrant center of German immigrant culture, from plantation life and craftsmanship to schools, churches, and a handmade pipe organ. Its stagecoach inn and stone masonry still echo that heritage.

Gonzales, TX

In March 1836, reeling from news that the Alamo had fallen and facing an advancing Mexican army, Sam Houston assembled the core of his Texan force at Gonzales. On March 13 he ordered the town burned to deny it to the enemy and began the long eastward retreat later called the Runaway Scrape. Six weeks later, on April 21, that army won independence at the Battle of San Jacinto.

Meadow, TX

In July 1877, Captain Nicholas Nolan led some sixty Buffalo Soldiers of Company A, 10th U.S. Cavalry—joined by 22 buffalo hunters who called themselves 'The Forlorn Hope'—onto the parched Llano Estacado in pursuit of Comanche raiders. Eluded by their quarry and finding the water holes dry, the men went 86 hours without water, surviving by drinking the blood and urine of their horses before staggering back to a supply base. All but four soldiers lived through the ordeal.

Santa Anna, TX

Opened in the 1850s, this military road carried supply trains and cavalry along the chain of U.S. forts that guarded the Texas frontier, running from Fort Belknap on the Brazos down toward Fort Mason and Fort Clark near the Rio Grande. Notable soldiers traveled its route, among them Col. Robert E. Lee, who a decade later would command Confederate armies. The road knit together the far-flung outposts meant to shield settlers.

Oakland, TX

In March 1836, during the Texas Revolution, General Sam Houston led his army across Rocky Creek near this spot as they retreated eastward from Gonzales. Five weeks later that same army turned and crushed Santa Anna's forces at San Jacinto, winning Texas its independence.

Del Rio, TX

Kentucky-born Roy Bean was mining in New Mexico when the Civil War broke out, and he joined Confederate forces under Gen. John R. Baylor as a spy and scout, later hauling cotton and smuggled war goods as a Confederate freighter. Decades afterward he followed railroad crews to the Rio Grande, set up a tent saloon, and had himself made justice of the peace—'Law West of the Pecos'—dispensing famously eccentric verdicts from Langtry. His obsession with British actress Lily Langtry, whom he never met, and his 1896 riverbank prizefight cemented his frontier legend.

Fort Worth, TX

During World War I, a reciprocal agreement among the United States, Britain, and Canada sent Royal Flying Corps cadets to train through the mild Texas winters. From October 1917 to November 1918, Camp Taliaferro's three airfields in Tarrant County put roughly 2,000 men each through intensive flight instruction, with British and Canadian instructors sharing hard-won combat expertise. Thirty-nine officers and cadets died in training accidents; eleven were first buried at the fields before the Imperial War Graves Commission reinterred them at Greenwood Cemetery in 1924.

Boston, MA

During the Second World War, Boston's shipyards became a busy haven for the Royal Navy, as British warships crossed the Atlantic to be built, repaired, and refitted in American yards. Thousands of British sailors passed through the city, where local families and institutions offered them hospitality far from home. This plaque was the Royal Navy's thank-you to Bostonians for that wartime friendship.

Medford, MA · est. 1930

This Georgian mansion was built in the 1730s by Isaac Royall, a merchant who grew wealthy in the Caribbean and arrived from Antigua bringing enslaved people to labor on his Medford estate — making it one of New England's starkest surviving sites of northern slavery. His loyalist son later endowed Harvard's first professorship of law, the seed of Harvard Law School. During the Siege of Boston the house served as headquarters for the Revolutionary general John Stark.

Del Rio, TX

South Carolina native Rudolf Anderson joined the Air Force in 1951 and flew reconnaissance during the Korean Conflict before being stationed at Laughlin Air Force Base near Del Rio. On October 27, 1962, at the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis, he was piloting a U-2 over Cuba to photograph a missile site under construction when antiaircraft fire brought down his plane, making him the only American airman killed in the crisis. Decorated posthumously, he was honored in 2001 when Laughlin's operations building was named Anderson Hall.

Coleman, TX

Camp Colorado was established by the U.S. Army to guard the Texas frontier against raids, moving to this site in 1856 before Federal troops abandoned it as the Civil War began in early 1861. In 1870 the land passed to Henry Sackett, who built his home on the old post grounds. From here in 1874 Sackett rode with Maltby's Rangers in pursuit of the Comanche bands of chiefs Big Foot and Jape.

Ozona, TX

The United States Army established Fort Lancaster in 1855 to guard travelers and mail carriers along the rugged overland road linking San Antonio to San Diego. Abandoned in 1861 as the Civil War drew troops away, it was briefly reoccupied in 1868 before falling into ruin. Its stone remnants mark the hard, isolated work of protecting one of the era's great transcontinental routes.

Von Ormy, TX

Begun in the 1840s and still used by its founding families, the Ruiz-Herrera Cemetery holds Tejano patriots of the Texas Revolution. Among them is Francisco Antonio Ruiz, San Antonio's acting mayor in 1836 and son of a family of independence signers, and Blas Herrera, remembered for riding to warn the Alamo's defenders of Santa Anna's approach. The burial ground ties several generations of a Spanish-speaking Texas community to the founding struggle.

Ridge, TX

Drawn by rich soil and reliable water, pioneers settled western Mills County in the 1870s and 1880s, founding the communities of Regency, Ebony, and Ridge, each with churches, schools, and a post office. During World War II the U.S. government bought regional land to create Camp Bowie, and many residents who left never returned. Today only faint traces of these once-thriving towns remain.

Sayersville, TX

As the U.S. mobilized for war in 1940, the government seized this area for Camp Swift, giving landowners just 30 days to leave. The displacement erased farms and whole rural settlements—among them communities dating to the 19th century, a French immigrant's winery, and a lignite-mining village with its own cemeteries. After the war, many former residents could not buy their land back, and the National Guard retained much of the acreage.

Rusk, TX

Founded in 1846 and named for Republic of Texas statesman Thomas J. Rusk, this Cherokee County seat became an industrial center and Confederate supply depot during the Civil War. It later claimed the distinction of birthing two Texas governors, James S. Hogg and Thomas M. Campbell. The town and county remain dotted with historical sites open to visitors.

Butler Township, PA · est. 1947

In October 1794 President George Washington rode west at the head of nearly 13,000 militiamen to put down the Whiskey Rebellion, an armed revolt against the federal excise tax on distilled spirits. On the march he lodged at Russell Tavern, whose original building still stood within sight of this spot. It was the only time a sitting president personally led troops in the field.

Town of Russell, NY

In small towns across the North Country of New York, communities have long set aside a place to record the names of their own who answered the nation's call to arms. Russell, a rural town in the St. Lawrence County foothills settled in the early nineteenth century, is one of many such places where a memorial gathers those names into a single roll of honor. Rather than commemorating one battle or one war, a hometown veterans memorial like this one binds together generations of local service — a permanent civic thank-you carved where neighbors pass every day.

Brownsville, TX

Built in 1877 for Judge William H. Russell, this eclectic Victorian home was bought in 1885 by Joseph James Cocke, a Virginian and Confederate veteran whose family lived there into the late 1940s. Its Italianate and Greek Revival details — classical massing, bracketed porch, and a striking pedimented dormer — made it a neighborhood landmark. Its 1975 restoration helped spark wider preservation efforts in Brownsville.

Haywood County, NC

In September 1776, as the Revolution raged, Gen. Griffith Rutherford led a militia expedition through Pigeon Gap and into the Cherokee heartland, part of a coordinated campaign that burned dozens of Native towns. The route his men cut became known as the Rutherford Trace. The campaign was retaliation for Cherokee raids on frontier settlements and aimed to break the nation's power in the southern mountains.

Cleveland, TX

Also called Ryan's Graveyard, this burial ground has served the ranching and farming community of Tarkington Prairie since at least the 1860s, its earliest marked grave belonging to a ten-year-old boy in 1863. It takes its name from Irish immigrant John Jacob Ryan, a prosperous storekeeper found shot dead on the nearby road in 1873 in a murder whose accused killers were acquitted. Veterans reaching back to the Texas Revolution and the Civil War, early Baptist church members, and Masonic lodge founders all rest here, drawing descendants to an annual memorial service.

Richhill Township, PA · est. 1960

By 1792 Pennsylvania was passing through the last of its frontier violence, and settlers in the far western counties still built log blockhouses for refuge. Captain James Paul's company raised three of them in Greene County, and on April 17 that year soldiers hauling supplies from Thomas Ryerson's mill collided with a war party striking at the outlying settlements. The clash marks one of the closing episodes of open conflict between Native people and settlers in the region.

Matagorda, TX

A Pennsylvania-born Quaker, S. Rhoads Fisher came to Texas in 1830 and set up a mercantile house and shipping business at Matagorda. Chosen as a Matagorda delegate to the 1836 convention, he signed the Texas Declaration of Independence and became the young Republic's secretary of the navy under President Sam Houston. When Mexican ships blockaded the coast in 1837, Fisher himself put to sea with the Texas Navy to draw the enemy away from Galveston, Matagorda, and Velasco before resigning late that year; he died in Matagorda in 1839, and a county was named in his honor in 1876.

Crescent City, CA

On December 20, 1941, just weeks after Pearl Harbor, the tanker S.S. Emidio was attacked by an Imperial Japanese Navy submarine off the Northern California coast, becoming one of the first American vessels struck in those waters. The assault brought the shock of the Pacific war directly to the shores of the mainland United States. Wreckage and memory of the Emidio have long marked the coast at Crescent City.

Sabine Pass, TX

The oldest continually used cemetery in Jefferson County has served the Sabine Pass area since the 1840s, its earliest documented grave dating to 1847. Now a union of five once-separate burial grounds, it holds veterans of the War of 1812, the Texas Revolution, and both sides of the Civil War—including Union sailors killed in the 1863 naval fight off the pass and Kate Dorman, the "heroine of Sabine Pass." A former "Colored Peoples Cemetery" section includes the unmarked grave of Louis Williams, born enslaved in 1813 and buried at age 108.

Freedom Township, PA · est. 1997

David S. Stoner raised Sachs Covered Bridge across Marsh Creek in 1852, using the elegant lattice-truss design patented by Connecticut architect Ithiel Town to span 100 feet of water. Little more than a decade later, both Union and Confederate soldiers crossed its planks during the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, giving the quiet farm bridge a place in one of the war's most famous chapters. Retired from traffic after 1968 and battered by a 1996 flood, it was lovingly restored by Adams County as a scenic landmark.

White Deer, TX

The White Deer Land Company donated five acres for this cemetery in 1913, a quarter mile from the town's historically Polish Sacred Heart parish. Its first burial that January was the infant son of the Czerner family, and its white crosses and crucifix mark generations of the Polish Catholic community, including veterans of World War I, World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. Parishioners still tend the grounds side by side, as their ancestors did.

Coryell City, TX

Settlers, many from Tennessee, reached the Rainey's Creek area in the early 1850s in the community later renamed Coryell City. Chester Calhoun Sadler, a farmer, freighter, and Confederate veteran, set aside land for a cemetery serving his family and neighbors. His stepson Ira Bradford Sadler, a Confederate soldier and prisoner of war who became a lawyer and legislator, lies here among other Civil War veterans and pioneer families.

Slocum, TX

William T. Sadler, born in Tennessee in 1797, was among the Texans who fought at the Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive 1836 clash that won Texas its independence from Mexico. His marker also remembers his wife, Permelia Bennett Sadler. Veterans like Sadler settled the young republic they had helped create, their graves scattered across the East Texas countryside.