Military & Wartime

Williamsburg, KY · est. 1964

Julia Marcum was a Tennessee teenager when the Civil War tore through the border country, and her family's home served as a way station for Southern Unionists heading north to join the Union army. Defending that home against marauders, she was badly wounded and lost an eye, and her Unionist father was killed in action before the family resettled in Kentucky. In 1884 a special Act of Congress granted her a pension as the only woman recognized as a combatant, and she was buried with military honors in 1936 at age 91.

San Antonio, TX

In the tense spring of 1861, six companies of the 8th U.S. Infantry marched east from far West Texas, the last federal troops in the state still armed after Twiggs's surrender of army property to Texas forces. Near San Lucas Spring, Confederate Colonel Earl Van Dorn massed 1,300 men and six cannon against Lt. Col. Reeve's footsore column of 270. After three flags of truce and no gunfire, Van Dorn persuaded the Union officers to inspect his strength and surrender peaceably, ending the encounter without a single shot.

Neylandville, TX

This marker honors Thomas N. Waul (1813–1903), a South Carolina–born Texas planter and lawyer who sat in the first Confederate Congress before taking the field. He raised and commanded Waul's Texas Legion, was captured at Vicksburg, and after exchange was made a brigadier general, leading his brigade at Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and Jenkins' Ferry, then serving in Texas's first Reconstruction convention. The State of Texas erected the memorial in 1963 to Texans who served the Confederacy.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1993

In January 1776, at Robert Bell's print shop on this ground, the first edition of Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" rolled off the press and into the hands of a colonial public still hesitant about breaking from Britain. Written in plain, fiery language, the pamphlet made the case for independence and a republic governed by a written constitution. It spread through the colonies with astonishing speed, selling in the tens of thousands and shifting public opinion just months before the Declaration of Independence.

Chesapeake, VA

These famous lines come from "Home, Sweet Home," written by the American actor and playwright John Howard Payne for the 1823 opera "Clari, or the Maid of Milan." Set to music by Henry Bishop, the sentimental ballad became one of the most beloved songs of the 19th century, sung in parlors across the country and especially cherished by soldiers on both sides during the Civil War. Payne himself, ironically, spent much of his life as a wandering expatriate and died abroad while serving as a U.S. consul. This marker enshrines the song's enduring message that no place rivals the comfort of home.

Logansport, IN

Placed in 1936 by the Mary E. Miller Tent No. 34, Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War, this memorial honors the fathers who served the Union during the war of 1861–1865. Groups like the Daughters of Union Veterans kept the memory of that generation alive well into the twentieth century, raising monuments in courthouse squares and parks across the North. Logansport, in north-central Indiana, sent many of its men into Union ranks.

San Antonio, TX

In 1916 Maj. Benjamin Foulois chose land near here for an Army flying field, soon named Kelly Field for Lt. George E. M. Kelly, the first American aviator killed flying a military aircraft. In 1917 training moved to this "Kelly No. 2" flight line, a sprawl of hangars, shops, and barracks whose Advanced Flying School trained aviators including Charles Lindbergh and Claire Chennault. The line served until 1942 and was demolished in 1955 to make way for larger runways.

Bedford, PA · est. 1951

Built before 1761 at the frontier outpost of Bedford, this log structure served as the Commandant's House—the "King's House"—housing British officers who garrisoned the region until the close of the French and Indian War. In later, more peaceful years it took on new life as the Rising Sun Inn before fire destroyed it in 1885. Its story traces Bedford's evolution from a military strongpoint on a dangerous frontier to a settled crossroads town.

Harford County, MD

This marker commemorates the Bush Declaration, proclaimed here in March 1775 when Harford County's elected representatives pledged resistance to British measures more than a year before the national Declaration of Independence. It also records that this spot served as the county seat from the county's founding in 1774 until 1783. The inscription claims it as the first declaration of independence adopted by a duly elected body of the people.

Mount Pleasant, SC

The King's Highway began as a colonial post road, stitched together in the 1700s to connect the seaboard settlements from the northern colonies down through the Carolinas. By 1791 it had become the natural route for President George Washington's grand Southern Tour, a deliberate journey through the young nation's newest states to bind them to the federal government in person. This marker, set beside that old road in Mount Pleasant, was raised by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1932 to mark the bicentennial of Washington's birth.

Towson, MD

This monument speaks in the quiet, elegiac language of American memorial tradition, dedicating itself "to our absent brothers" — the comrades who did not return. Such stones were raised across the country in the decades after the nation's wars, when veterans' groups and communities gathered to fix in granite the memory of men lost far from home. Standing in Towson, the Baltimore County seat, the marker turns a public square into a place of remembrance, where a passerby is asked to pause for the missing.

Comfort, TX

Erected in 1866, this German-language monument—"Loyalty to the Union"—honors 68 mostly German settlers of the Hill Country who remained loyal to the United States during the Civil War. Fleeing toward Mexico, many were killed by Confederates at the Battle of the Nueces in 1862 and a later fight; their remains were gathered and buried here in 1865.

Cumberland Township, PA

This granite monument stands on the fields south of Gettysburg, where in early July 1863 the Army of the Potomac's Second Corps held the long spine of Cemetery Ridge against Robert E. Lee's invading army. The 106th Pennsylvania Infantry served in the storied Philadelphia Brigade, one of the units that anchored the Union center during the three days of fighting that turned back the Confederacy's deepest thrust into the North. Decades later, Pennsylvania's surviving veterans returned to mark the exact ground their regiments had held, planting stone monuments like this one across the battlefield. The unit designations carved here — brigade, division, and corps — are the veterans' own shorthand for where they stood when the war reached its turning point.

Cumberland Township, PA

Dedicated by the surviving members of the regiment to their fallen comrades, this Ohio monument honors the 107th Ohio Infantry of the Second Brigade, First Division, Eleventh Corps at Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863, the regiment — largely made up of German-American volunteers — fought on the northern edge of the battlefield, where the division under Barlow and Ames was overwhelmed and driven back into town. The inscription, "Ohio's Token of Gratitude," speaks in the voice of the veterans who returned to mark where their friends had died.

Cumberland Township, PA

The 108th New York Infantry, raised largely around Rochester and known as the 'Rochester Regiment,' held this ground on July 2 and 3, 1863, supporting Battery I of the 1st U.S. Artillery near the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. On the afternoon of July 3 the position endured the massive Confederate bombardment that preceded Pickett's Charge — one of the greatest artillery duels of the war — pinned down and unable to reply. Their steadiness under that fire helped hold the line at the battle's climax.

Carbon County, MT

This memorial honors the 10th Mountain Division, the U.S. Army's specialized mountain-warfare unit organized during World War II. Trained to fight and survive in snow, ice, and high altitude, its soldiers saw fierce combat in the mountains of Italy in 1945. Many of its veterans came home to help build America's postwar ski and outdoor-recreation industry, giving the division a legacy that reached far beyond the battlefield.

Gatlinburg, TN

During World War II the U.S. Army raised an unusual unit trained to fight on skis and scale mountains — the 10th Mountain Division. After early service in the Aleutian campaign at Kiska, its soldiers went on to break entrenched German lines in the rugged Apennines of northern Italy, at fearful cost. This memorial honors the Southern men among them who never came home.

Straban Township, PA

East of Gettysburg this marker notes where the 10th New York Cavalry — nicknamed the "Porter Guard" — was engaged on the afternoon and evening of July 2nd, 1863. As part of the Cavalry Corps' Second Division, the regiment operated on the army's flank, the kind of screening and skirmishing that kept commanders informed and protected the infantry's vulnerable edges. The fighting around Gettysburg raged for three days before Lee's army withdrew back toward Virginia.

Frederick County, MD

In the summer heat of the Civil War, Confederate forces pushed north through Maryland in a bold drive aimed at the lightly defended Union capital. Along the Monocacy River outside Frederick, outnumbered Union troops—among them the 10th Vermont Infantry—made a hard stand to slow that advance. Though the defenders were eventually forced from the field, the day they bought gave Washington time to rush reinforcements into its fortifications. Vermont later raised this monument to mark exactly where its sons stood in the fighting.

Spotsylvania County, VA

This granite marker stands on the Chancellorsville battlefield in Spotsylvania County, where on May 3, 1863, Union and Confederate forces clashed in some of the fiercest fighting of the Civil War. The 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers — better known as Collis's Zouaves for their colorful French-inspired uniforms — held this line as the battle reached its bloody climax. The monument names the three officers and thirty-five enlisted men who fell here that single day, preserving their sacrifice on the very ground where they stood.

Cumberland Township, PA

This monument honors the 119th New York Infantry, part of the Second Brigade, Third Division of the Eleventh Corps, at its position on July 1, 1863 — the opening day of the Battle of Gettysburg. The regiment was among the Union troops posted on the open plain north of town who met the Confederate advance head-on before being forced back through the streets to Cemetery Hill. The date carved here fixes the moment when the fighting on this ground was fiercest.

Abilene, TX

Established in 1940, Camp Barkeley grew into one of the nation's largest World War II training bases, at its peak housing more than twice the population of nearby Abilene. The 12th Armored Division arrived in November 1943, drilling day and night with tanks, armored infantry, and field artillery until it qualified for combat and shipped to Europe in September 1944. Nicknamed the 'Hellcats' and dubbed the 'Mystery Division' in General Patton's drive to the Rhine, the division earned more than 800 battle decorations before the camp was deactivated in 1945.

Cumberland Township, PA

This monument traces the movements of the 147th Pennsylvania Infantry during the Battle of Gettysburg. On the night of July 1, 1863, the regiment lay on the northern slope of Little Round Top, holding the extreme left of the Union army; before dawn on July 2 it marched to Culp's Hill, waited in reserve, and then moved back toward the left with its brigade as the fighting spread. The marker records the regiment's shifting role across the battlefield's second day.

Cumberland Township, PA

During the second and third days at Gettysburg, the William Bliss farm sat in the deadly open ground between the two armies, its sturdy barn a nest for Confederate sharpshooters who harassed the Union line. On the morning of July 3, 1863, men of the 14th Connecticut Volunteers seized the buildings and, on orders from their division commander, burned both barn and house so they could no longer shelter enemy marksmen. The field was cleared only hours before Pickett's Charge swept toward the Union center nearby.

Cumberland Township, PA

This monument marks the most advanced westward line held by the 150th Pennsylvania Infantry on July 1, 1863, near the unfinished railroad cut on the fields northwest of Gettysburg. As Confederate assaults came from both the north and the west, the regiment repeatedly changed front and its right wing charged toward the cut, fighting a series of stubborn stands even as it was slowly driven back toward town. It was combat of the most exhausting kind — men wheeling to face attacks from two directions at once.

Spotsylvania County, VA

On the evening of May 2, 1863, Stonewall Jackson's surprise flank attack rolled up the Union 11th Corps near Chancellorsville. The 154th New York — nicknamed "The Hardtack Regiment" — was among the units thrown into the breach, helping anchor the hastily formed Buschbeck Line near Dowdall's Tavern as the Confederate assault crashed through the Federal right. Their stand bought precious time even as the larger battle turned into one of Robert E. Lee's most celebrated victories. This monument honors the New Yorkers who held that fragile line in the gathering dusk.

Cumberland Township, PA

Erected by its own survivors, this monument remembers the men of the 157th New York Volunteers who fell at Gettysburg on July 1, 1863. That day the regiment was thrown into the fighting north of town, where it was caught in a punishing crossfire and suffered severe losses in a matter of minutes before the Union line gave way. Veterans returning years later raised this stone to the comrades who did not come home.

Spotsylvania County, VA

This monument honors the 15th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Regiment, a Union unit that fought in the dense, fire-swept woods of Spotsylvania County during the Civil War. Though the inscription marks action on May 3rd, the regiment became famous for the savage close-quarters fighting around the "Bloody Angle" at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in May 1864, where Federal and Confederate troops grappled hand-to-hand for nearly a full day. Led for much of its service by Colonel William H. Penrose, the regiment suffered some of the heaviest losses of any New Jersey unit in the war.

Cumberland Township, PA

This monument marks where the 15th New York Independent Battery of Light Artillery went into action on July 3, 1863, the climactic day at Gettysburg. Ordered early to the front and posted on the left of the 5th Massachusetts Battery, the New Yorkers were directed by Major General Winfield Scott Hancock to open on the Confederate guns with solid shot and shell. Their fire helped answer the great artillery bombardment that preceded Pickett's Charge.

Corsicana, TX

When the Civil War came, Navarro County raised its own fighting men, including Companies E and G of the 15th Texas Infantry, mustered in 1862 under Captains Joshua Long Halbert and Clinton Fouty. Assigned to the Trans-Mississippi theater, they fought across Arkansas, Louisiana, and Indian Territory, seeing hard combat at Bayou Bourbeau and through the Red River Campaign at Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, Mansura, and Yellow Bayou. The survivors began the long journey home in early 1865 and were discharged that spring.

Philadelphia, PA

This towering steel barrel once formed the center gun of Turret 1 aboard the USS New Jersey, an Iowa-class battleship that stands today as a museum ship on the Camden waterfront across from Philadelphia. Each of these 16-inch guns could hurl a shell weighing as much as a small car more than 20 miles, and this one spoke in two very different wars — bombarding enemy positions in the Pacific during World War II, then again off the Korean coast a decade later. A single artifact like this collapses the distance between the factory floor of American industrial power and the far shores where that power was felt.

Cumberland Township, PA

This marker tells the hard story of the 16th Maine Infantry on July 1, 1863. Ordered to hold a position at all costs to cover the retreat of the rest of the First Corps, the small regiment was overwhelmed and its commander, Colonel Charles W. Tilden, was captured along with most of the survivors; command of what remained passed to a captain. The 16th Maine's sacrifice is one of the battle's most poignant examples of a unit spent almost to nothing so that a larger force could escape.

Abington Township, PA · est. 2023

In the tense December of 1777, General Sir William Howe marched British and Hessian troops out of occupied Philadelphia hoping to smash the Continental Army once and for all. Over several days of skirmishing along the heights of Edge Hill, Washington's soldiers held their entrenched ground and refused to be dislodged. Unable to force a decisive battle, Howe pulled back to the city while Washington led his army onward to the hard winter that awaited at Valley Forge.

Gonzales, TX

This Gonzales lot was the 1834 home of Almaron Dickinson and his wife Susanna. It was to this house that Susanna returned on March 13, 1836, carrying her infant daughter and the terrible news of the Alamo's fall a week earlier—the death of its defenders, among them many men from Gonzales and her own young husband. Sent out by Santa Anna as a living warning, she instead helped rally Texian resolve.

Concord, MA

On April 19, 1775, at Concord's North Bridge over the Concord River, colonial militia and the advancing British regulars exchanged the volleys that opened the American Revolution. Ordered by their commanders to hold, the assembled minutemen returned fire when the British fired first, and a British soldier fell here — among the earliest to die in the war. This granite obelisk, raised in 1836, marks the ground where organized armed resistance to the Crown began, immortalized soon after as 'the shot heard round the world.'

Houston, TX

In 1840 the young City of Houston bought five acres from the Allen brothers to create its first municipal cemetery, then divided it by ordinance into a potter's field, a segregated "negroes burying ground," a commons, and family plots sold to the highest bidder. For some forty years it was the city's only cemetery, receiving citizens of the Republic of Texas, Civil War veterans, and victims of Houston's recurring yellow fever epidemics. Later neglected and built over by Jefferson Davis Hospital in 1924, it still holds thousands of graves though almost nothing marks them above ground.

Brackettville, TX

By 1873 Fort Clark had grown to regimental size, prompting the Army to build six single-story infantry barracks and three two-story cavalry barracks. This coursed-limestone building housed bunks for sixty-four soldiers around a central gun rack, facing the officers' quarters across the parade field. Today it is the best-surviving example at Fort Clark and one of only a handful of Indian Wars-era barracks left standing at any post in the nation.

Brackettville, TX

When Fort Clark's soldiers first cooked over open fires along Las Moras Creek, mess was a rough affair, but in 1886 the Army built nine sturdy limestone kitchens and mess halls, one for each company of enlisted men. This surviving building, quarried from local stone with timber lintels and twin chimneys for cooking and heat, later served as day rooms, offices, and supply storage. It stands as one of eight that remain from a frontier post guarding the Texas–Mexico borderlands.

Somerville, TX

Hood's Texas Brigade was among the most celebrated Confederate commands, and after the Civil War its survivors kept a bond that outlasted the fighting. In June 1906 the little town of Somerville hosted the brigade association's annual reunion, honoring 74 aging veterans with speeches, a baseball game, and a grand ball across two summer days. Organized locally by R. A. Brantley, Sr. and his daughter, it was one link in a chain of reunions that continued until 1934.

East Honolulu, HI

This memorial remembers nine U.S. naval aviators who died on April 5, 1942, when their Consolidated PBY-5A 'Catalina' crashed near here while returning from a 12.5-hour patrol of Hawaiian waters. In the anxious months after Pearl Harbor, such long over-water patrols hunted for enemy forces; in foul weather and darkness the crew mistook the Makapu'u light for Barbers Point and struck the hillside. Placed by the Hawaii Museum of Flying, it names each man lost.

Smithfield, RI

In the summer of 1943, the United States was deep in World War II, and the skies over the home front were crowded with military aircraft ferrying crews, training airmen, and testing planes bound for the war effort. Accidents were tragically common: thousands of servicemen died not in combat overseas but in crashes on American soil. This marker in Smithfield remembers three such men — an officer from Virginia, a sergeant from New Jersey, and a lieutenant from nearby Pawtucket — who lost their lives together when their aircraft went down on August 5, 1943.

New York, NY

In the years after 1918, communities across America raised monuments to the young men lost in the Great War, and this Brooklyn memorial gathers those from the old 19th Assembly District who never came home. The United States entered World War I in 1917, and by the armistice of November 1918 more than 100,000 Americans had died. Neighborhood tributes like this one turned an abstract national sacrifice into a local roll of honor — sons, brothers, and neighbors from a single stretch of Kings County.

Bluffdale, UT

This memorial honors the 19th Special Forces Group, a component of the U.S. Army's elite unconventional-warfare units whose Green Berets have trained, advised, and fought across the conflicts of the modern era. The Roman numeral XIX and the words "In Memoriam" pay tribute to members of the unit who gave their lives in service.

Cumberland Township, PA

This monument marks the ground held by the 1st Delaware Volunteer Infantry on July 2 and 3, 1863, as part of the Second Corps line along Cemetery Ridge. That ridge was the anchor of the Union defense and, on the battle's final day, the focus of the massive Confederate assault remembered as Pickett's Charge. Delaware, a small border state that remained loyal to the Union, sent this regiment into the very center of that stand.

Auburn, WA

This marker remembers 1st Lt. Edward J. Moloney, an Auburn High School graduate and student body president in 1944 who served as a U.S. Army paratrooper with the 187th Regimental Combat Team and was killed in action in Korea on May 28, 1951. The 187th RCT was one of the war's storied airborne units, and Moloney's story traces a familiar arc from hometown campus leader to combat officer.

Mercedes, TX

This monument, dedicated in 1960, honors the more than a thousand men of the 1st North Dakota Infantry who camped in the lower Rio Grande Valley during the tense Mexican Border service of 1916-1917. First organized in Dakota Territory in 1883, the regiment served from the Spanish-American War through the Philippines, France in World War I, and the Pacific in World War II—where, as the 164th Infantry, it became the first U.S. Army unit to go on the offensive, at Guadalcanal in 1942.

Gettysburg, PA

This monument honors Battery I, 1st Ohio Light Artillery, famously led by Captain Hubert Dilger, a German-born professional gunner nicknamed "Leatherbreeches." As part of the Eleventh Corps' artillery, Dilger's guns were in action on all three days of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3, 1863, and won particular praise for their steady, accurate fire covering the Union retreat through the town on the first day. The State of Ohio erected the marker with the battery's motto, "Fidus et Audax" — faithful and bold.

Cumberland Township, PA

This tablet marks the position taken on July 3, 1863, by Battery K, 1st U.S. Artillery, on the southern end of the Gettysburg battlefield. Fighting alongside Union cavalry, the battery supported the attacks of the brigades of Brigadier Generals Elon J. Farnsworth and Wesley Merritt against the Confederate right flank in the closing hours of the battle.

Cumberland Township, PA

On the climactic third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, the regular-army horsemen of the 1st U.S. Cavalry rode up from Emmitsburg as part of Brigadier General Wesley Merritt's Reserve Brigade. On the fields south of town they pressed the Confederate right and rear for roughly four hours until a drenching summer downpour finally broke off the fighting. This tablet in Cumberland Township marks the regiment's share in the mounted action that helped guard the Union flank.

Cumberland Township, PA

In the sprawling cavalry fighting of the Gettysburg campaign, the 1st Vermont Cavalry skirmished with Confederate horsemen at Hanover and Hunterstown before the climactic third day. On July 3, 1863, led by the young Brigadier General Elon J. Farnsworth, the regiment charged across broken, rocky ground on the Union left — where Farnsworth was killed. The action is remembered as one of the war's costly and much-debated mounted charges.

Concord, MA

This guide marker stands along the old road between Chelmsford and Concord, pointing travelers the last two miles toward the North Bridge. That bridge over the Concord River is one of the most storied spots in American history: on the morning of April 19, 1775, colonial militia and minutemen faced British regulars there and were ordered to return fire, the opening of the Revolutionary War. Roads like this one carried militia companies from surrounding towns toward the fighting that day.

Santa Fe, NM

New Mexico's Eternal Flame in Santa Fe, dedicated in 1966, honors the state's war dead and is tied to the 200th Coast Artillery — the New Mexico National Guard regiment sent to the Philippines and caught in the fall of Bataan in 1942. Many of those men endured the Bataan Death March and years of captivity, and New Mexico suffered some of the war's heaviest per-capita losses.

Victoria, TX

After German U-boats sank its oil tankers, Mexico declared war on the Axis in 1942 and negotiated to train a fighter squadron in Texas. The 201st Fighter Squadron of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force—the "Aztec Eagles"—brought 300 volunteers to Foster Field near Victoria in 1944 before deploying to the Philippines in 1945. Flying with the U.S. Fifth Air Force, the unit carried out 96 combat missions against Japanese forces.

Cumberland Township, PA

This monument honors the 20th Regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry and marks where its commander, Colonel John Wheeler, was killed on July 2, 1863. The regiment fought in the desperate struggle for Devil's Den and the Wheatfield on the second day of Gettysburg. Wheeler was cut down at the head of his men as the Confederate assault surged against the Union left.

Cumberland Township, PA

On July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, the 20th Maine held the far left flank of the entire Union line on the rocky slope of Little Round Top. Running low on ammunition against repeated assaults from Longstreet's Confederates, the regiment's commander ordered a downhill bayonet charge that swept the attackers back and took hundreds of prisoners. This monument marks the ground where that stand unfolded, at the very hinge of the Federal position.

Cumberland Township, PA

On the evening of July 2, 1863, the far left of the Union line at Gettysburg rested on the 20th Maine and its former-college-professor colonel, Joshua L. Chamberlain. Ordered to hold the ground at any cost, the regiment beat back repeated assaults and, with ammunition nearly gone, swept forward to clear its front. The stand on the rocky slope became one of the most storied small-unit actions of the Civil War.

Spotsylvania County, VA

In the spring of 1863, the Army of the Potomac's Chancellorsville Campaign spilled across the wooded country of Spotsylvania County, Virginia. On May 3rd, Union troops attempting to push west from Fredericksburg ran into stiff Confederate resistance at Salem Church, where the fighting was close and costly. The 23rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry — a nine-month regiment mustered for short-term service — was among the Federal units thrown into that bloody engagement, and this monument honors the men who fought and fell there.

Gettysburg, PA

This monument commemorates the 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Regiment, which reached Gettysburg on June 25, 1863, ahead of the Army of the Potomac. On the morning of June 26 it marched out the Chambersburg Pike and met the Confederate column at Marsh Creek, only to be overwhelmed and forced to withdraw that afternoon. These green emergency troops were among the first to oppose the Confederate advance into the town.

Cumberland Township, PA

This marker recalls where the newly raised 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Regiment briefly camped and skirmished with Confederate forces on June 26, 1863, days before the Battle of Gettysburg. Made up largely of untested emergency volunteers, the regiment encountered General John B. Gordon's advancing brigade and was quickly pushed aside. It captures the anxious opening moments of the Gettysburg Campaign, when Pennsylvania scrambled to meet the invading army.

Harris Township, PA · est. 1947

Pennsylvania's 28th Infantry Division traces its lineage to 1917, and it went on to earn a fierce reputation in the trenches of the First World War and again in the hedgerows and forests of the Second. Colonel Theodore Boal founded this hillside shrine to honor the division's fallen, and Pennsylvania made it an official state memorial in 1932. The site gathers the memory of two generations of Keystone State soldiers into one place of reflection.