Military & Wartime

Town of Huntington, NY

This 82-acre tract on Long Island served the Cavalry Club of Squadron "C," 101st Cavalry Regiment of the New York National Guard, from 1903 to 1961. In an era when mounted cavalry still trained for war, weekend soldiers drilled, stabled horses, and socialized here, bridging the last decades of the horse-mounted arm and its mid-century mechanization.

Union Township, PA · est. 1948

In the bitter winter of 1778, with the Revolution raging on the frontier, General Edward Hand marched some 800 militia out of Fort Pitt intending to strike a British supply depot near present-day Cleveland. Weather and poor roads doomed the expedition before it reached its target, and the frustrated force instead fell upon a small Native settlement in the river fork below this spot, killing a man and an elderly woman before turning home. The dismal, aimless outcome earned the venture a mocking name that has clung to it ever since.

Woodville, TX

This marker honors Squire Cruse, a soldier of the Texas War for Independence who served in the 1835 Bexar Campaign. That campaign, in which Texian volunteers besieged and captured San Antonio de Béxar from Mexican forces, was one of the opening chapters of the Texas Revolution. Cruse was among the ordinary volunteers whose service helped set Texas on the road to independence.

Galveston, TX

Faced with wartime steel shortages, the United States gambled on an unusual idea during World War I: ships made of concrete. The largest was the SS Selma, built in Mobile, Alabama, and launched on June 28, 1919—the very day Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles. Too late for the war, she served briefly as a Gulf oil tanker until a jetty tore open her hull in 1920, and after failed repairs she was deliberately scuttled off Pelican Island in 1922, where her concrete skeleton still breaks the waters of Galveston Bay.

Radnor Township, PA · est. 1947

Built in 1715 by Welsh Episcopalians who had come to Penn's colony in search of land and religious freedom, St. David's Church became one of the enduring landmarks of Pennsylvania's "Welsh Tract." Its weathered stones and quiet churchyard so moved Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that he immortalized the place in verse. The churchyard is also the final resting place of General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, the fiery Revolutionary War commander whose remains were carried here from Erie in 1809, years after his death.

Lancaster, PA · est. 1980

Founded in 1744, St. James' Episcopal Church has stood at the heart of Lancaster through the entire span of the American Revolution and the early Republic. Among its vestrymen was George Ross, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and its churchyard holds a remarkable roll of patriots, including Continental Army general Edward Hand and jurists who helped build the new nation's legal order. The present building, begun in 1820, replaced the colonial structure raised in the 1740s and 50s.

Coryell City, TX

German immigrant families who settled around Coryell City in the 1880s wanted to worship in their native tongue, meeting in homes until the Rev. R. Seils formally organized this congregation in 1889. Successive sanctuaries—built in 1890, 1908, and 1921 after a fire—culminated in a 1959 brick church, while German-language services persisted until 1952 despite friction during World War I. The adjacent cemetery holds church members and veterans of the World Wars and Vietnam.

Washington, NC

Consecrated in 1829 one block east of here, St. John the Evangelist was the first Roman Catholic church in North Carolina, a landmark for a tiny Catholic community in an overwhelmingly Protestant region. Its life was cut short during the Civil War, when Federal troops burned it in 1864. The church stood as a rare marker of Catholic faith on the antebellum Carolina coast.

Richmond, VA · est. 1932

The Second Virginia Convention met here, beyond reach of the royal governor. Patrick Henry's speech persuaded delegates — including Washington and Jefferson — to arm the colony's militia.

Burton, TX

The Evangelical St. John's congregation, formed by German settlers near Burton in 1894, established this hilltop cemetery in 1899, its early records naming German families like Wolff, Arndt, and Rogas. A children's section holds some 53 young graves from the cemetery's first decade, and a central plot honors the church's ministers. Seven matching monuments in a row mark young men who died in France during World War I, joined by veterans of the world wars, Korea, and Vietnam.

Gulfport, MS · est. 2013

Organized as a mission parish in 1846, St. Mark's began as a simple frame building with twin front doors and grew over the decades before being moved inland from the beachfront in 1925. Among its members was Jefferson Davis, who spent his last years nearby on the Mississippi coast. Battered by Hurricane Camille in 1969 and destroyed by Katrina in 2005, the congregation relocated inland.

New York, NY

This dock on the New York waterfront was dedicated to honor the American soldiers who fought in the St. Mihiel offensive of September 12–16, 1918. It was the first major operation planned and led independently by the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I, as hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops reduced a long-held German salient in northeastern France. Naming a working harbor structure for that victory tied the daily life of the port to the memory of the doughboys who served overseas.

Canyon, TX

German American families from around Wisner, Nebraska—the Lesebergs, Meyers, and Albers brothers—settled this stretch of the Texas Panhandle in the early 1900s, soon joined by immigrants from the Bremen region of Germany. By 1909 the growing ethnic enclave had a school and Lutheran worship services that became St. Paul Lutheran Church. The cemetery began in 1916 when Gustav Leseberg donated land to bury Anna Marie Kuhlman, who died in childbirth; her German-language gravestone is the only one of its kind here, and more than a dozen veterans, including a World War II Silver Star recipient, also rest on the grounds.

Wallis, TX

The German-speaking Lutherans of Wallis gathered for their first service in July 1900, only to see plans for a church building upended weeks later by the catastrophic Galveston hurricane of September 1900. The congregation persevered, gaining official recognition and building a permanent sanctuary by 1906. World War I brought hard tensions—the parish dropped German from its services amid wartime pressure—and tragedy struck when lightning killed a child at the church, yet the congregation rallied and endured through the century.

Kenney, TX

Residents of Phillipsburg formed St. Paul Lutheran Church in 1890, and Henry Stern soon deeded land for a church, a school, and this cemetery. The first burials came that same year, and generations of the surrounding farm families followed. Among the graves rest veterans of World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

Cheltenham Township, PA · est. 1992

Consecrated in 1861, St. Paul's is the oldest church building in Cheltenham Township, founded by Jay Cooke, the banker whose bond-selling campaigns earned him the nickname "financier of the Civil War." Its cemetery, laid out in 1879 and enlarged in 1905, holds Cooke's mausoleum among the graves of prominent residents. The original design by Sidney & Merry was later expanded by the celebrated Gilded Age architect Horace Trumbauer.

Whitemarsh Township, PA · est. 1963

Founded in 1752 by Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, the patriarch of Lutheranism in America, St. Peter's stood at the edge of the Revolution a generation later. In May 1778, as Washington's army wintered nearby, the Marquis de Lafayette used the position here to direct a maneuver against advancing British forces, then executed a skillful withdrawal across Matson's Ford that spared some 2,200 Continental troops from capture. The old churchyard thus witnessed both the birth of an American faith community and a young French general's coming of age.

Brackettville, TX

The U.S. Army began building stone officers' quarters at Fort Clark in 1873, and as senior staff needs grew, this two-story stone duplex went up in 1888. Built on a T-plan with a full-width front porch, it is a fine example of standardized military housing adapted to the stone and climate of West Texas. Among its residents was a young officer who would become General George S. Patton.

Everett, MA

Herman Arthur Day was a young man from the Boston area who went to war and did not come home. He served in the 366th Infantry Regiment, attached to the 92nd Infantry Division — the storied "Buffalo Soldiers," one of the segregated African American units of World War II — and was killed in action in Italy on February 10, 1945, as the division fought its way up the peninsula in the war's final months. He was just 24 years old.

Clarksville, TX

During the Civil War the Donoho Hotel and stage stand operated across from the old Clarksville courthouse, a busy hub as soldiers arriving from Arkansas, Indian Territory, and beyond caught coaches for home. Many stopped to share news with the Clarksville "Standard," one of fewer than twenty Texas papers to publish throughout the war and prized by families for its personal notes from the camps. From here stagecoaches ran on grueling schedules to Marshall, Waco, and beyond, part of the 31 stage lines that kept Confederate Texas connected to mail, rail, and steamboat routes.

Rio Hondo, TX

During the Civil War the ferry at Paso Real, on the Arroyo Colorado, sat astride the "cotton road"—the Confederacy's overland lifeline to neutral Matamoros, Mexico. With Union blockades sealing Southern ports, cotton wagons and stagecoaches funneled through here to trade for guns, medicine, cloth, and shoes, drawing diplomats, agents, bandits, and deserters into a corridor of wartime intrigue.

Elkhart, TX

This hillside graveyard is the resting place of the family of Texas pioneer John Starr and his descendants. Starr, who died in 1872, lies beside his wife Susannah, with six of their eight children interred nearby — including two sons who served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. The family's ancestral home still stands on nearby Starr Hill.

Marshall, TX

Dr. James Harper Starr served as a government official under both the Republic of Texas and the Confederacy while building a career as a physician and businessman. In 1870 he and his son James Franklin Starr moved their land and banking agency from Nacogdoches to Marshall, buying this land for their homes. Frank Starr and his wife Clara built "Maplecroft," a Greek Revival house that stayed in the family until 1976, when it was deeded to the State of Texas.

Winona, TX

Starrville grew up along the Dallas–Shreveport road, becoming a stop by 1849 and taking its name from Reverend Joshua Starr, who bought the land and sold town lots in 1852. During the summer of 1862 it served as the encampment of Confederate General Henry McCulloch's army before its march toward Little Rock. When townspeople blocked the railroad in the 1870s, the community drifted toward Winona, but its 1927 schoolhouse endured—hosting classes, plays, reunions, and elections—and survives today as a community center kept up by local volunteers.

Austin, TX

Founded in 1851 when Texas Revolution hero Gen. Edward Burleson was buried here, this ground became the resting place for the honored dead of Texas, including Stephen F. Austin, nine governors, and figures from every era of state history. Confederate officers were interred here beginning in the 1860s, and small white headstones now mark some 1,583 soldiers and their families. Through the efforts of state official Louis W. Kemp, the remains of more than a hundred prominent Texans were reinterred here after 1930, among statuary by sculptors Elisabet Ney and Pompeo Coppini.

Cumberland Township, PA

At Gettysburg in July 1863, soldiers from across the Confederacy fought in the largest battle ever waged in North America. This memorial, raised by the State of Alabama, honors the Alabamians who served on that field, its call to "Alabamians!" paired with the promise that their names are "inscribed on Fame's immortal scroll." It stands among the many state monuments that turn the sweeping battlefield into an open-air record of the war.

Cumberland Township, PA

Georgia's memorial on the Gettysburg battlefield honors the state's Confederate soldiers who fought here in July 1863. Its spare, elegiac inscription — men who came when duty called and died when their country called — is among the most quoted lines of any monument on the field. It stands amid the Confederate positions of the great three-day battle in Pennsylvania.

Harford County, MD

This monument gathers up Maryland's outsized place in the nation's founding, when the little capital at Annapolis briefly held the eyes of a new country. There, in December 1783, George Washington laid down his military commission and returned power to civilian hands — one of the young republic's defining acts — and the Confederation Congress, meeting in the same statehouse, closed the books on the Revolution. In the years that followed Maryland ceded the land that became the District of Columbia, and a Maryland lawyer named Francis Scott Key would give the country the words of its national anthem.

Cumberland Township, PA

This is the State of Mississippi's memorial on the Gettysburg battlefield, one of the many state monuments raised across the field to honor the soldiers who fought and died here in July 1863. Its inscription speaks in the elegiac language of sacrifice and honor common to Confederate commemoration, marking ground where Mississippi troops made their stand. Such state memorials were dedicated long after the war as former combatants and their descendants sought to enshrine the memory of the men who fell.

Cumberland Township, PA

This is South Carolina's state memorial on the Gettysburg battlefield, where in July 1863 the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia met the Union in the war's largest and bloodiest battle. Its inscription frames the state's soldiers through the Lost Cause language of states' rights and heritage that shaped Southern remembrance in the decades after the war. It marks ground where South Carolina troops fought and died during the three-day engagement.

Cumberland Township, PA

Texas sent several regiments to Gettysburg as part of Hood's Division, and on July 2–3, 1863 they joined some of the battle's fiercest fighting on the Confederate right. Erected by the State of Texas in 1964, this memorial remembers "the valor and devotion of her sons" who served the Confederacy on this ground. It is one of the many monuments added decade after decade to the Gettysburg battlefield.

Huntsville, TX

During the Civil War, the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville ran a textile factory where inmates, enslaved people, and free men together wove millions of yards of cloth and yarn. Its osnaburgs and uniforms became a main source of cloth for the Confederate Southwest, clothing state troops, the Confederate army, and needy soldiers' families as the Union blockade tightened. Worn machinery and financial strain eventually slowed the plant's wartime output.

Exeter, NH

During the Revolution, Exeter served as New Hampshire's wartime capital after royal authority collapsed in Portsmouth, and the colony-turned-state ran its affairs from this inland town. The marker fixes the years the State Treasury operated here, from 1775 as independence took hold through 1789, when the new federal Constitution took effect and a national government began to take shape. In that span the treasury helped fund New Hampshire's militia, war debts, and the machinery of a brand-new state government.

Washington, DC

This ornate French Second Empire building beside the White House rose between 1871 and 1888 to house the State, War, and Navy departments under one roof. For decades it was the command center of American diplomacy and defense, its granite halls witnessing generations of national decisions.

San Antonio, TX

As World War II strained the Allies' ability to keep American-built aircraft flying, more than a thousand civilian specialists from the San Antonio Air Depot volunteered in 1942 for a secret overseas assignment they knew only as Station "X." Crossing the U-boat-infested Atlantic in four groups, these mostly Texan mechanics reached the Burtonwood Repair Depot near Warrington, England, where they worked alongside British and American crews. By war's end the depot had overhauled thousands of engines and aircraft, including B-17s, P-47s, and P-38s, under the motto "Keep 'Em Flying!"

Oglesby, TX

Established in 1856 beside a Methodist Episcopal church, Station Creek Cemetery opened with the burial of 28-year-old Robert Morris, whose mother would join him twenty years later. Most of its forty headstones predate 1890, and among the graves are numerous Confederate soldiers and two brothers, W.R. and J.M. Green, hanged by a vigilante mob as accused horse thieves. When the congregation moved to McGregor in the 1880s, the cemetery was left to the wider community.

Lincolnton, NC

A West Point graduate from Lincolnton, Stephen D. Ramseur rose to become a Confederate major general while still only 27, one of the youngest to hold that rank. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cedar Creek in Virginia in 1864; his grave lies two blocks north.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1988

Born in Maryland in 1779, Stephen Decatur spent his boyhood in a house that once stood on this Philadelphia site before rising to become one of the young U.S. Navy's most celebrated officers. He made his name in the Tripolitan War of 1804, captured HMS Macedonian in 1812, and helped bring the Barbary powers to heel in 1815. His bold career ended in 1820 when he was killed in a duel and laid to rest at St. Peter's Church.

Nacogdoches, TX

When the United States entered World War II after Pearl Harbor, the president of Stephen F. Austin State Teachers College gathered students and faculty to meet the national emergency—and the campus emptied into the war. Enrollment fell by sixty percent, football was suspended, and a campus flag bore more than a thousand blue stars for those serving and twenty-four gold ones for those who died. In a notable distinction, the Army chose SFA in 1943 as the first college in the nation to host a Women's Army Corps training school. After the war, returning veterans on the G.I. Bill swelled the college and its recreation grounds were rededicated as Memorial Park and Memorial Stadium.

Sour Lake, TX

Born in South Carolina, Stephen Jackson joined Lorenzo de Zavala's colony in 1831, part of the wave of Anglo settlers who took Mexican land grants in Texas. He earned a farm, then a full league of land encompassing the future community of Sour Lake, and in 1836 marched with the Texas army in its war for independence. He and his wife Susan raised a family here and lie with their children in the cemetery near this spot.

Smithville, TX

Stephen Scallorn was one of the ordinary families whose migration built the Republic of Texas. A Maryland-born frontier physician who had preached and doctored across Kentucky and Tennessee, he followed his son's glowing accounts of Texas after San Jacinto and settled near Plum Creek in the late 1830s, helping plant one of the region's early Baptist congregations. His long life spanned the whole arc of the Republic and early statehood — and cost him two sons, killed with Dawson's men in the border fighting of 1842.

Hallettsville, TX

Stephen Tucker Foley was born in Alabama and came to Texas in 1834, arriving just as the colony's break with Mexico approached. In 1836 he served in the Army of Texas, standing with Captain William Heard's company of citizen-soldiers at the Battle of San Jacinto. The State of Texas honored his service to the revolution with this marker in 1956.

Fountain Hill, PA

In a house on this Fountain Hill hillside in 1898, the writer Stephen Vincent Benét was born into a literary family that would produce several published authors. He grew up steeped in books and history, and by the 1920s and '30s had become one of America's most celebrated poets and storytellers. His verse epic of the Civil War, "John Brown's Body," won wide acclaim for the way it wove ordinary soldiers, statesmen, and everyday Americans into a sweeping national portrait. He died in 1943, still in his prime, having spent his final years urging his countrymen to hold fast to their founding ideals.

Jasper, TX

Born in North Carolina in 1760, Stephen Williams enlisted repeatedly in the Continental Army and fought in Revolutionary War battles at Briar Creek, Camden, and Eutaw Springs. He volunteered again in the War of 1812 as a fifty-two-year-old sentry, then in 1835 — at seventy-five — shouldered his rifle at the Siege of Bexar alongside a son and four grandsons in the Texas fight for independence. Buried on his Jasper County homesite around 1839, he was reinterred in the State Cemetery during the 1936 Texas Centennial, when this monument was placed at his original grave.

Winchester, TX

A veteran of the War of 1812, Stephen Williams left North Carolina and followed the great southern migration through Georgia and Alabama before reaching Texas in 1832. In 1843 he took a land grant in Washington County, where he became a prominent landowner and devoted Baptist. He is best remembered as a founding member of the Texas Baptist Education Society, and his farmstead stayed in the family for over 115 years.

Jasper, TX

Born in North Carolina in 1764, Stephen Williams, Sr. came of age fighting for American independence, seeing action at Camden, Brier Creek, and Eutaw Springs in the hard-fought Southern campaigns of the Revolution. Decades later, as an old man on the far frontier, he took up arms again in the cause of Texas, joining the capture of San Antonio in 1835. His long life of service spanned two revolutions on two frontiers.

Heath, TX

Virginia-born Sterling Rex Barnes brought his family to this area from Mississippi in 1846, settling the community of Black Hill, now Heath. A charter member of a local Masonic lodge and the area's justice of the peace, he operated a toll bridge over the east fork of the Trinity River at a site now beneath Lake Ray Hubbard. Five of his sons and a son-in-law went on to serve the Confederacy during the Civil War.

City of Utica, NY

This monument honors Major General Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron von Steuben, the Prussian-trained officer who joined the American cause and drilled the ragged Continental Army into a disciplined fighting force at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777–78. His training manual shaped American soldiering for decades, and after the Revolution he settled in New York, where the surrounding Oneida County region keeps his memory close. A monument in Utica places his legacy squarely in the community that became his American home.

Commerce, TX

John and Ellen Stewart settled here about 1843, and John is credited with building the first pioneer home in eastern Hunt County during the Republic of Texas era. The family later sold land to the founder of nearby Commerce. The earliest legible marker is a child's grave from 1863, and the cemetery holds Confederate veterans — including the Stewart sons — as well as victims of an early-1900s epidemic.

Village of Stewart Manor, NY

This twisted length of steel was recovered from the World Trade Center, destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, when nearly 3,000 people were killed. The village of Stewart Manor placed it outside its village hall and dedicated the memorial on the seventeenth anniversary of the attacks in 2018. Salvaged WTC steel was distributed to communities nationwide so each could keep the vow to 'never forget.'

Charlevoix, MI

During World War II, the U.S. Navy's submarine force paid a terrible price for its successes against Japanese shipping: 52 boats were lost, carrying 374 officers and 3,131 enlisted men who never returned. In Navy tradition these submarines and their crews are said to be "still on patrol," eternally at their stations. This memorial keeps that vigil in their honor.

Stillman Valley, IL

In May 1832, during the Black Hawk War, a body of Illinois militia clashed with Black Hawk's Sauk and Fox warriors here in a rout that became known as Stillman's Run. The dead were buried on this ground, and tradition holds that a young volunteer named Abraham Lincoln helped lay them to rest. The monument marks both a frontier battle and the future president's brush with it.

Clarendon, TX

Stockton P. Donley came to Texas from Kentucky in 1846 and built a legal career before the Civil War. He enlisted as a private in 1861, was captured with his regiment after the hard fight at Fort Donelson, and endured months as a prisoner at Camp Douglas; his broken health afterward kept him from the front. Elected to the Texas Supreme Court in 1866, he was removed the next year by federal military authority for his Confederate service, and the county later erected here bears his name.

Clarksville, TX

Parson Amos M. Stone, a New York–born Cumberland Presbyterian minister, moved his large family from Tennessee to the Clarksville area in 1857 and soon founded a church on ground near this cemetery. During the Civil War he served in a Confederate home guard while at least three of his sons joined the Confederate cause, and his 1862 death made his the first known grave here. His church later merged away and the nearby Cherry School faded, but the cemetery endures as a record of the settlers he served.

Statesville, NC

In the closing days of the Civil War, Union General George Stoneman led a sweeping cavalry raid through western North Carolina, striking at railroads, supplies, and towns. On April 13, 1865, his troopers occupied Statesville, days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox. The raid brought the war's destruction to a corner of the state that had largely escaped it.

Blowing Rock, NC

In the closing weeks of the Civil War, Union Major General George Stoneman led a sweeping cavalry raid across western North Carolina to wreck Confederate supply lines and rail infrastructure. On March 28, 1865, part of that force under General Alvan C. Gillem passed through this vicinity near Blowing Rock, one stop on a fast-moving campaign through the mountains. The raid met little organized resistance as the Confederacy collapsed in the war's final month.

Morganton, NC

During Union General George Stoneman's raid through western North Carolina in the last weeks of the Civil War, his cavalry skirmished with Confederate defenders near Morganton on April 17, 1865. Coming just days after Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox, the clash was one of the scattered final fights of a collapsing Confederacy in the Carolina mountains. The raiders pressed on through Burke County, targeting supplies, railroads, and remaining Confederate resistance.

Salisbury, NC

On April 12, 1865, Union cavalry under General George Stoneman occupied Salisbury and set about destroying its value to the dying Confederacy. His troopers burned warehouses and supplies and wrecked the notorious Confederate prison, where thousands of captives had suffered and many had died. The raid came just after Lee's surrender, as the Confederate war effort disintegrated.

Rowan County, NC

In the closing days of the Civil War, Union General George Stoneman led a sweeping cavalry raid through western North Carolina, tearing up railroads and supply lines. On April 12, 1865 — days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox — his troopers skirmished with Confederate defenders near this spot. The Confederacy was collapsing, but scattered fighting continued as word of the war's end spread slowly.

Rocksprings, TX

This route was one of many military roads built to link the frontier cavalry posts of Texas, running south to Fort Clark and north to Fort McKavett, both established in 1852. Paint Rock Springs, at the head of the South Llano River, made a natural midway rest stop, and in 1877 Major John B. Jones gathered his Texas Rangers here to launch a campaign against frontier outlaws. Beyond its military purpose, the road carried immigrants, cattle drovers, ranchers, mail riders, and freighters into the open country.