Civil War

Upper Merion Township, PA · est. 2021

Anna Morris Holstein served as a hospital matron and nurse during the Civil War, tending the wounded at Gettysburg and beyond, then devoted her later years to historic preservation. She led the campaign to acquire and restore Washington's Headquarters and the grounds at Valley Forge — creating Pennsylvania's first state park, now a National Historical Park — and lent her efforts to saving Mount Vernon. As Organizing Regent of the local Daughters of the American Revolution chapter, author, and state building matron at the 1893 World's Fair, she made preservation a public calling.

Huntsville, TX

Anthony Martin Branch came from Virginia to Huntsville in 1847 and read law alongside historian Henderson Yoakum. A state legislator on the eve of the Civil War, he joined the Confederate army in 1862 and then the Confederate Congress, only to be refused a seat in the U.S. Congress in 1866 because of that service. A friend of Sam Houston, he was named co-executor of Houston's will before dying in the 1867 yellow fever epidemic.

Fairfield, TX

Antioch Cemetery grew up alongside the Turlington community and its Baptist and Methodist congregations, in a well-watered stretch of Freestone County that drew settlers arriving by steamboat up the Trinity River from Galveston. Established in 1877 beside a church founded in 1870, it holds pioneers like Samuel G. Wells — a veteran of the Texas Revolution and a founder of Anderson County — alongside Civil War veterans and Conrad Henry, a German-born immigrant whose headstone towers over the rest. With its oldest graves at the center and 'deer tongue' flowers said to have been carried in by the first settlers, the ground reads like a map of the community's growth.

Bastrop, TX

This burial ground is the last trace of a farming community that thrived in Bastrop County before the Civil War. In 1882 the cemetery and its church-school building were relocated to this spot along the historic Gotier Trace, and the earliest marked grave here—an infant's—dates to that year. Among its roughly one hundred graves lie pioneer families, Confederate veterans, and many children lost to disease.

San Augustine, TX

In use since at least the 1860s, this East Texas burial ground served the Antioch Church of Christ, a congregation dating to 1836. Stephen Passmore deeded the property to church elders in 1880, though graves marking pioneers and Confederate veterans predate the transfer. Names like Dwire, Baggett, Ware, and Bland record the ordinary settlers who built San Augustine County.

Anderson, TX

First known as Pine Grove for the Baptist church at its heart, this Grimes County burial ground was in use by the 1860s, with a headstone dated 1869 and likely older unmarked graves. Land donors formalized it in 1886, and it holds Confederate veterans as well as Brosig T. Wasson, the county's first fatality of World War I. When the church disbanded in 1929, the cemetery took the name of the area's vanished post office, Apolonia.

Appomattox County, VA

On a quiet Sunday in April 1865, the long agony of the Civil War reached its close in the village of Appomattox Court House, Virginia. There, General Robert E. Lee surrendered the remnants of his Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending four years of war. This monument, raised in the Confederate memorial tradition, frames that surrender from the Southern perspective — a defeated army "still unconquered in spirit." Its language reflects the "Lost Cause" interpretation that shaped much of how the postwar South chose to remember the conflict.

Goliad, TX

Founded in 1852 by the Western Presbytery of Texas, this men's college took its name from the Aranama Indians who had been converted at nearby Mission Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. Housed in the old mission buildings and aided by funds from Goliad, it taught classical languages, mathematics, surveying, and bookkeeping. Like most of Texas's twenty-five colleges, it closed when the Civil War began in 1861 and its students marched off to the Confederate Army; the great storm of 1886 finished off its buildings.

Port Aransas, TX

Begun in 1855 and first lit in 1856, this 67-foot tower with its imported French lens marked the natural Gulf pass to Aransas and Corpus Christi Bays. During the Civil War, Confederates buried the lens and damaged the tower in 1863 to keep its light from aiding Federal forces. Rebuilt after the 1919 hurricane, it was finally decommissioned in 1952 once the shifting pass moved south of it.

Port Aransas, TX

Aransas Pass, the natural inlet separating San Jose and Mustang Islands, became a strategically vital point along the Texas coast during the Civil War. Early on, Confederate vessels moved cotton and supplies freely through the pass, but a Union blockade soon tightened, and Federal forces under Captain J. W. Kittredge seized control until his capture in 1862. Control seesawed through 1863 and 1864, and after Union forces withdrew, Confederate ships again slipped supplies through the pass to sustain the wartime South.

Village of Newark, NY

In the village of Newark, in the Town of Arcadia along the path of the Erie Canal, this memorial was raised in 1928 to honor local residents who served in the nation's wars on land and sea. Erected in the years between the World Wars, it reflects a wave of community war memorials that followed the heavy losses of World War I, when towns across America sought lasting ways to commemorate their veterans. Its broad dedication to soldiers, sailors, and marines "of all wars" ties together generations of service from a single upstate New York community.

Archer City, TX

Word of copper here first spread after Texas Rangers on an 1860 campaign against the Comanches at the Pease River — led by Lawrence "Sul" Ross, a future governor — carried nuggets back to Austin. During the Civil War that ore was processed into gun caps for Confederate forces, and the Texas Copper Mining & Manufacturing Company was chartered in 1864, though wartime labor shortages stalled it. Repeated ventures into the 1880s and a 1899 lease by an Arizona firm all shipped some ore but failed to find a central vein, and the mines never met expectations.

Lovelady, TX

A South Carolina native and Confederate veteran, Archie Adams came to Houston County in 1873 and made his life there as a farmer and general-store owner, also serving as an election judge and county commissioner. He and his wife Selia Anna rest in the family cemetery he began in 1884 with the burial of an infant son. The journal he kept from 1873 to 1897 survives as a rare, detailed window into 19th-century rural life in East Texas.

Arlington, MA

In the years after the Civil War, towns across the North raised monuments to their fallen sons, and Arlington was no exception. This memorial honors the local men who left this Massachusetts town to fight for the Union between 1861 and 1865, never to return. Its plain, heartfelt language—gratitude for those who gave their lives in defense of the Union—captures the spirit of civic mourning that swept New England communities as they reckoned with the war's staggering human cost.

Westminster, MD

In the first days of July 1863, the roads of northern Maryland filled with the men and horses of the Union Army of the Potomac as it raced to intercept Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North. This tablet marks the movements of the army's cavalry on July 3 — the climactic day at Gettysburg, just across the Pennsylvania line — as brigades of the First Cavalry Division shifted from Taneytown and Emmitsburg toward the fighting, while Westminster served as a vital supply and staging hub along the army's rear. These War Department itinerary tablets, placed to trace exactly where each command marched, turn quiet crossroads towns into legible chapters of the campaign.

Straban Township, PA

In the first days of July 1863, the fields and farmhouses south and east of Gettysburg were transformed into a vast open-air hospital as the Army of the Potomac's Medical Department fought to save thousands of wounded men. Under the reforms of medical director Jonathan Letterman, the army had built a system of forward field hospitals, ambulance corps, and triage that was tested here at an unprecedented scale. This ground in Straban Township marks where surgeons worked around the clock amid the aftermath of the war's bloodiest battle.

Dallas, GA

In late May 1864, Gen. James McPherson's Army of the Tennessee swung west through Van Wert and crossed Pumpkin Vine Creek as part of Sherman's drive on Atlanta. On May 26 the 15th and 16th Corps converged on Dallas, entering the town by early afternoon before pushing east against opposing Confederate cavalry. The maneuver was part of the wider flanking campaign that repeatedly turned Joseph Johnston's defensive positions.

San Antonio, TX

Prompted by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, the U.S. Army secured land at San Antonio for an arsenal in 1858, and the post soon became headquarters for the Army's Department of Texas. This thick-walled limestone magazine—still under construction when the Civil War began—was among the Federal properties surrendered in 1861 and completed for Confederate Texas, its carefully spaced vents guarding against sparks in the stored gunpowder. It armed south Texas and frontier defense, supplied the 1862 Sibley expedition, and served the U.S. Army as a frontier supply depot until 1947.

Hallettsville, TX

Arthur Pendleton Bagby was an Alabama-born West Point graduate who cast his lot with the Confederacy, rising from colonel of the 7th Texas Cavalry to major-general. He rode in Sibley's ill-fated 1862 New Mexico campaign, helped defend Galveston, and led a brigade at the Louisiana battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill during the 1864 Red River Campaign. He lived to become the last surviving member of his 1852 West Point class and is buried at Hallettsville.

Raleigh, NC

In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, North Carolina became the first state to provide artificial limbs to its Confederate amputees, running a factory here from 1866 to 1867. The war had left tens of thousands of maimed veterans, and the program was an early public effort to care for the disabled survivors of the conflict. It marked a first, halting step toward veterans' welfare in the South.

Baytown, TX

Born in Connecticut and Yale-educated, Ashbel Smith (1805–1885) arrived in Texas in 1837 and was soon appointed surgeon-general of the Texas army. He served the Republic as secretary of state and as minister to Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain, then sat in the state legislature after annexation. A Confederate colonel in the Civil War, he also presided over the first Board of Regents of the University of Texas and championed its Galveston medical branch.

Blessing, TX

After riding with Terry's Texas Rangers in the Civil War, New Jersey native William Erastus Moore settled northeast of Blessing and named the farming community for Colonel Henry M. Ashby, a Tennessee commander he had served under. Moore ran a ranch, store, and post office and donated land for the Ashby Methodist Church. Nearby, freed slaves founded the Wilson Creek Community, organizing their own Baptist church and school, until cleared river channels and wartime out-migration slowly emptied the combined settlement.

Cumberland Township, PA

This monument honors the Ashland (Virginia) Artillery, Woolfolk's Battery, part of Colonel E. P. Alexander's battalion in Longstreet's Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. Armed with 20-pounder Parrott rifles and Napoleon smoothbores, the battery took its place in the great Confederate gun line at Gettysburg. Alexander's massed artillery anchored the bombardment that preceded the Confederate assault of July 3.

Galveston, TX

Completed in 1859, Ashton Villa is a stately Galveston mansion built of imported European materials in an ornate Mediterranean style. During the Civil War the grand house served in turn as headquarters for both Confederate and Federal forces occupying the island city. It survives as one of the earliest brick residences in Texas and a showpiece of antebellum Gulf Coast wealth.

Athens, TX

Laid out in 1850 and named — like so many hopeful young American towns — for the ancient seat of learning in Greece, Athens became the seat of Henderson County in the pine-and-prairie country of East Texas. During the Civil War it served as a supply depot and training ground, sending roughly a thousand men to the Confederate armies. In peacetime it leaned into manufacturing, farming, and folk tradition, later billing itself as the 'Black-eyed Peas Capital of the World' and home of the Old Fiddlers' Contest.

Jefferson, TX

This late Greek Revival house was probably built in 1860 by T. O. Alley, son of Jefferson co-founder Daniel N. Alley. Later owners included steamboat captain James M. Tucker, who served in the 16th Texas Dismounted Cavalry of the Confederate Army, and W. T. Atkins, an official of the Jefferson Iron Company who held the home the longest, from 1892 to 1923. Its succession of owners mirrors the rise and fall of a busy riverport town.

Bartow County, GA

On May 19, 1864, Confederate Gen. Joseph Johnston entrenched on the ridge east of this spot near Cassville, intending to give battle to Sherman's advancing armies. When Sherman threatened his flank and his corps commanders objected to the position, Johnston instead withdrew to the strong defenses at Allatoona Pass. Rather than assault it, Sherman again slipped around, moving toward New Hope Church.

Gordon County, GA

On May 13–15, 1864, the opening major clash of the Atlanta Campaign unfolded near Resaca, where Confederate lines north and west of town held firm against Federal attacks. Unable to break the position by assault, Sherman executed a flanking movement to the west and south that rendered Johnston's line untenable. The Confederates were compelled to fall back deeper into Georgia, setting the campaign's pattern.

Novice, TX

Settlement of this Coleman County area began in the 1850s around Camp Colorado, a U.S. cavalry outpost held by Texas State Troops and Rangers during the Civil War. After the war, families from the South established farms and ranches and the Atoka community grew up with a store, a church-school, and a cotton gin. The 1880 cemetery holds early pioneers including former Texas Ranger and Republic of Texas soldier Rev. Hugh Martin Childress, his son the county's first sheriff, Civil War veterans, and workers killed in a 1910 railroad-bridge explosion.

Jonesboro, GA

When Gen. John Bell Hood tried to protect Atlanta's last open railroad, the fighting at Jonesboro on August 31 and September 1, 1864, decided the city's fate. On August 31, the corps of Hardee and S.D. Lee attacked the entrenched Federal 15th Corps between the town and the Flint River. Lee's three divisions struck the Union line at the river but, lacking support on their left, were driven back.

Atlanta, GA

During the Battle of Atlanta on July 22, 1864, Confederate divisions under Gen. George Maney and Gen. Patrick Cleburne struck the front and rear of Giles Smith's Union division on the Flat Shoals Road, forcing it back to Leggett's Hill. Aided by Stevenson's division from the city fortifications, the Confederates hammered the 17th Corps from front, flank, and rear. Despite repeated assaults, they failed to dislodge the entrenched Union defenders.

Attleboro, MA

In 1908, the people of Attleborough raised this monument to the local men who marched off to preserve the Union between 1861 and 1865. Like hundreds of New England mill and factory towns, Attleborough sent a generation of its sons into the Civil War, and a generation later their neighbors gathered to fix that sacrifice in bronze and stone. Such Grand Army of the Republic–era tributes turned public greens across the North into open-air memorials to a war that touched nearly every household.

Auburn, MA

In the New England town of Auburn, just south of Worcester, this park gathers the memory of local citizens who took up arms across more than a century of the nation's history. Its span — from the American Revolution through the trenches of World War I — reflects the long tradition of the citizen-soldier in Massachusetts, a state whose towns sent men to nearly every major American conflict. Rather than marking a single battle, the park honors the accumulated service of a community, the kind of quiet civic memorial that anchors countless New England commons.

Atlanta, GA

During the Atlanta Campaign of 1864, the hilltop plantation of Augustus F. Hurt became a nerve center of the Union advance. On July 22, as McPherson's Army of the Tennessee fought off a fierce Confederate assault to the south, Sherman himself directed the fighting from command posts on this rise. The Hurt house — mistakenly recorded in the Official Records as the Howard house — was torn down by Federal forces, and it was here that the body of the slain Gen. McPherson was carried from the field.

Atlanta, GA

This hill overlooking the Augustus Hurt plantation was a hinge of the Union lines outside Atlanta in July and August 1864. After Confederate defenders abandoned the outer defense works on its eastern slope, Schofield's 23rd Corps marched in via the Williams Mill Road and entrenched, supporting the right of the Army of the Tennessee during the Battle of Atlanta. As Sherman shifted forces around the city, this position swung from the far right to the far left of the Federal line.

Austin, TX

During the Civil War, Austin was no sleepy statehouse town but a working engine of the Confederate effort. Behind the secession convention and the wartime legislative sessions ran a gritty industrial machine: an arsenal on Waller Creek, a gun-cap factory turning out shells by the thousands, and a foundry casting cannon. Citizens paid for it with hardship — fever and diphtheria, food shortages, and hotels that demanded gold or tobacco before they would rent a bed.

Franklin Township, OH

In the decades before the Civil War, the hill country of Clermont County sat on the Ohio River frontier directly across from slaveholding Kentucky, making it a crossroads of the antislavery cause and a corridor for freedom-seekers moving north. This parcel once held the home of Arthur Fee (1791–1879), remembered here as part of a family that earned a reputation for abolitionist conviction in an era when opposing slavery could mean social scorn and real personal risk. A marker on a former house site like this one preserves the memory of ordinary households that turned private principle into public stand.

Orange, TX

Alabama native B. H. Norsworthy came to Texas in 1860 and, during the Civil War, organized a Confederate unit known as the Lone Star Rifles. He was wounded at the Battle of Thompson's Station in Tennessee and the Battle of Jonesboro in Georgia, rising to lieutenant colonel. After the war he settled in Orange as a merchant and rice farmer and was elected to three terms as the city's mayor.

Whitfield County, GA

On the antebellum lands of Joel Babb, at the foot of Rocky Face Ridge near Dug Gap, cavalry probed and skirmished on May 8, 1864, as Sherman opened his drive toward Atlanta. Confederate horsemen under Col. W. C. P. Breckinridge patrolled out from Dug Gap and found Dogwood Valley swarming with Federals, then fell back before advancing Union brigades. By mid-afternoon Geary's division had reached this vicinity and deployed to storm the gap.

Alma, GA

Bacon County was carved out by the Georgia legislature in 1914 and named for Augustus O. Bacon, a four-term U.S. senator who had died in office earlier that year. A Georgian who served as adjutant of the 9th Georgia Regiment in the Civil War, Bacon rose to national prominence as an authority on Mexican affairs, and his death came at a tense moment in U.S.-Mexico relations. The marker also records the county's first slate of local officers.

Brownsville, TX

During the Civil War, Brownsville and the twin towns of Bagdad and Matamoros across the Rio Grande became a vital loophole in the Union blockade. Because Mexico was neutral, Confederate cotton hauled overland from as far as Arkansas could be ferried across the river and shipped to Europe, returning as guns, medicine, cloth, and shoes. This border trade was, as the marker says, the South's lifeblood when its own ports were sealed.

Clayton County, GA

As the Atlanta Campaign reached its climax on August 30, 1864, Davis's 14th Corps moved from Red Oak toward the Fayetteville Road, splitting into columns for the approach. At this crossroads on the Flat Shoals Road, Baird's division swung northeast and then southward, its march briefly halting the passage of two divisions of the 4th Corps until it could complete the turn. The realignment set the stage for the fighting at Jonesboro that would finally sever Atlanta's supply lines.

Atlanta, GA

On July 22, 1864, during the Battle of Atlanta, Baker's Alabama brigade of Clayton's division was drawn northeast to form the far left of the Confederate attack against the Union 15th Corps. Facing Woods's Federal division across a swampy gap in the Clear Creek valley, the assault at first threatened the Union line and the DeGress battery near the Troup Hurt house. But a Federal counterattack retook the guns and forced Baker's Alabamians to withdraw.

Ballinger, TX

Founded as Hutchins City and promoted by the Santa Fe Railway, this West Texas town was renamed for Judge William Pitt Ballinger, a railroad attorney and townsite official. Ballinger was also a noted Texas statesman — a Mexican War veteran who during the Civil War helped organize the defenses of Galveston, served the Confederacy, and was later sent to negotiate peace for Texas. The town he lent his name to grew into a county seat and farm-and-ranch hub known for its rodeo and livestock shows.

Banquete, TX

During the Civil War, the little town of Banquete meant water, supplies, and repairs to the thousands hauling cotton along the Cotton Road toward Mexico. With Confederate ports blockaded, long trains of wagons and ox carts lumbered for weeks across the arid brush to the border towns of Bagdad and Matamoros, trading cotton for the guns, medicine, shoes, and clothing scarce at home. Banquete's water made those grueling hauls possible, giving a town named for an 1832 fiesta a strategic role in the Confederacy's lifeline to the outside world.

Sutherland Springs, TX

Alabama natives Emory Barker and Leah Humphreys came to the Cibolo Valley as children in the 1850s; Emory rode with Terry's Texas Rangers in the Civil War before the couple married in 1866. Their 1871 home, built of sawn red sandstone, was one of the valley's few rock houses and a popular stagecoach and wagon stop thanks to its spring-fed well. After several owners, the Huebinger family bought it in 1916 and held it into the 21st century.

Glasgow, KY

Formed in 1798 from Green and Warren counties, Barren County took its name from the open 'barrens,' or prairies, that drew early explorers and settlers. During the Civil War the area saw hard use: the first two of Morgan's Raids passed through in 1862, the same year General Braxton Bragg's Confederate army entered Kentucky here.

Glasgow, KY

In 1862 the Confederate government authorized a Medal of Honour, awarded not by generals but by vote of the soldiers themselves after every signal victory—each company choosing its most worthy man. More Confederate soldiers from Barren County received this honor than from any other Kentucky county. The medalists listed here earned it in the bloody fighting at Stone's River and Chickamauga in 1862 and 1863.

Collinsville, TX

John Barron, a Virginia-born Civil War veteran, bought a farm in this Grayson County community in 1870 and about 1875 gave land for a church-school and this cemetery. He and his large family lie among some six dozen interments, the earliest belonging to fellow Confederate veteran William Jenkins. Closed around 1920, the grounds are still tended by descendants who organized a cemetery association in 1971.

Halifax County, NC

Bartholomew F. Moore was one of antebellum North Carolina's most respected lawyers, serving as state attorney general from 1848 to 1851 and compiling the state's Revised Code in 1854. A staunch Unionist, he opposed secession as the sectional crisis deepened. He was born about three-quarters of a mile to the west.

Dallas, TX

Kentucky-born Barton Warren Stone reached Dallas from Tennessee in 1851 and prospered at farming and law. He helped lead the 1852 settlers' rebellion against Peters Colony land agent H. O. Hedgecoxe, and though he first opposed secession, he raised and commanded two Confederate cavalry regiments during the Civil War. After a spell in Missouri he returned to Dallas in 1879 to practice law once more.

Cartersville, GA

Carved out of Cherokee lands in 1832, this northwest Georgia county was first called Cass before the Civil War swept away its old name. In December 1861, with the Confederacy newly formed, Georgia rechristened it for Francis S. Bartow, a Savannah lawyer and politician who had marched off to Virginia at the head of his brigade. Bartow was killed that July at the First Battle of Manassas, one of the earliest prominent Confederate officers to die in the war, and his reported last words—urging his men never to give up—made him a martyr to the Southern cause.

Atlanta, GA

On July 20, 1864, at the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the right of Bate's division of Hardee's corps rested here on Clear Creek before joining the Confederate assault. Moving northwest through wooded ground, Bate led off the attack against Newton's Union division posted on the ridge above Collier Road. The stroke was part of Hood's aggressive first battle after taking command of the Army of Tennessee, an attempt to smash the Federals before they could close on Atlanta.

Bertie County, NC

On May 5, 1864, the Confederate ironclad ram Albemarle, under Capt. James W. Cooke, steamed across Batchelor's Bay and gave battle to a squadron of seven Union warships in the waters of Albemarle Sound. The powerful ram had already broken Union control of the Roanoke River, and this clash was part of the fierce naval struggle for northeastern North Carolina's rivers and sounds. The fighting the marker recalls took place some fifteen miles to the east.

Atlanta, GA

By accident of timing, the Battle of Atlanta ignited near this spot on July 22, 1864. Sweeny's division of Dodge's 16th Corps, held in reserve and marching to support Blair's 17th Corps, halted here at noon to await orders. When Confederate divisions under Walker and Bate swept forward aiming at the rear of Blair's line, they instead collided with Mersy's and Rice's brigades posted here — a chance encounter that touched off one of the campaign's largest battles.

Augusta, KY

By September 1862, the Ohio River town of Augusta had sent some 6,000 Union men to war, leaving barely a hundred Home Guards under Colonel Bradford to defend it. On September 27, Confederate Colonel Basil Duke struck with 350 of John Hunt Morgan's raiders; the guards fought from concealment in houses until the raiders shelled and burned their way through. Though the town fell, Confederate losses in men and ammunition forced Morgan to abandon his planned crossing into Ohio.

Johnston County, NC

Over three days in March 1865, the fields near Bentonville saw the last major Confederate offensive of the Civil War, as General Joseph Johnston tried to stop William T. Sherman's army sweeping north through the Carolinas. It was the largest battle ever fought on North Carolina soil, pitting a thin gray line against Sherman's overwhelming numbers. Within weeks Johnston would surrender, and the war in the East was over.

Baldwin County, AL

On April 9, 1865 — the very day Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox in Virginia — Union forces stormed the Confederate earthworks at Blakely, near Mobile, in one of the last full-scale battles of the Civil War. Thousands of Federal troops, including several regiments of United States Colored Troops, overran the fortifications guarding the eastern approach to Mobile Bay, effectively sealing the fate of the last major Gulf port still in Confederate hands. Word of the war's end had not yet reached the men who fought and died here.

Newnan, GA

In July 1864, as the Atlanta Campaign raged, Union Brig. Gen. E.M. McCook led 3,600 cavalry on a raid to wreck the railroads feeding Atlanta and free the thousands of Federal prisoners held at Andersonville. Three miles south of Newnan, Confederate Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler caught the raiders with a far smaller force and routed them, capturing some 2,000 men, a battery, and freeing 500 Confederate captives.

Culloden, GA

On April 19, 1865—days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox—part of Wilson's Federal cavalry raid pressing toward Macon met the local "Worrill Grays" near Culloden. Fewer than 200 strong and badly outnumbered, the Georgians fought a stubborn two-hour battle before yielding, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. The fighting was fierce enough that the two Indiana soldiers who seized the unit's flag received the Medal of Honor.