Historic Markers in Texas

Nacogdoches, TX

From the early 1900s, the East Texas town of Nacogdoches was home to Karle Wilson Baker, one of the state's most celebrated writers. Arkansas-born and college-trained, she first published a poem in Harper's in 1903 and went on to become the most frequently published poet in the Yale Review, with collections issued by Yale University Press. Dubbed "The Poet of Quiet Things," she wrote poems, essays and historical novels set in East Texas, saw her 1931 collection nominated for a Pulitzer, and taught for a decade at Stephen F. Austin State Teachers College, for which she wrote an early school song.

Karnes City, TX

Founded in the Christmas season of 1890 when Otto Buchel's partnership bought 1,000 acres beside the San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railroad, the town was first named for Texas Ranger hero Henry W. Karnes before 'City' was added with its 1891 post office. It grew so fast that by 1894 voters moved the county seat here from Helena. In its railroad heyday six passenger trains a day rolled through a town built on ranching, farming, uranium, oil, and gas.

Karnes City, TX

Karnes County's seat of government followed the railroad. When Helena failed to win the San Antonio and Aransas Pass line in the 1880s, W.G. Butler's land donation drew the tracks through the new town of Karnes City, which soon eclipsed the old county seat and claimed the courthouse in 1893. Built by contractor John Cormack and completed in 1895 with Second Empire and Richardsonian Romanesque flourishes, the courthouse was stripped of its towers over the decades before a 2011–2018 restoration returned it to its original grandeur.

Shiner, TX

When barbed wire replaced smooth fencing in the 1890s, August Kaspar — son of a Swiss Lutheran missionary — salvaged the discarded plain wire and, in 1895, twisted it into a corn-shuck basket. A neighbor's purchase turned a backyard hobby into a business; by 1898 Kaspar was manufacturing wire baskets and horse muzzles full time, armed with little more than pliers and ingenuity. Passed down through three generations, the firm grew into a maker of display and newspaper racks and shelving sold worldwide, earning the first Governor's Expansion Award in 1967.

Salado, TX

Kate Crawford, a Salado schoolteacher, married pastor Zachary Clay Taylor on Christmas Day 1881, and their church commissioned them that same day as missionaries to Brazil. Arriving in 1882, they helped organize a Portuguese-speaking Baptist congregation, with Kate translating evangelistic writings into Portuguese until her death from cancer in 1894. Zachary remained in Brazil until 1909, returning to Texas only to drown in the great 1919 hurricane that devastated Corpus Christi.

Sabine Pass, TX

Georgia native Kate Dorman ran the Catfish Hotel at Sabine Pass from the late 1840s, weathering widowhood and remarriage before turning her hotel into a hospital during an 1862 yellow fever epidemic. A fierce Confederate supporter, she braved enemy fire to carry food to Lt. Dick Dowling's men during the 1863 Battle of Sabine Pass. Her wartime courage made her a local legend of the Texas coast.

Post, TX

This marker remembers Kate McCommis, who died in February 1884 on the very day she was born, attended only by her young cowboy father amid the hardships of frontier life. Recorded as a Texas historic landmark in 1968, her small grave stands as a witness to the isolation and peril of the open range. It speaks to the countless unrecorded losses that shadowed pioneer families.

Brownwood, TX

Born Callie Russell Porter in Indian Creek in 1890, the writer who became Katherine Anne Porter lost her mother young and left Texas in 1915 for a restless life as actress, teacher, reporter, and publicist across Chicago, Denver, Mexico, and New York. Her first collection of stories appeared in 1930, and she won lasting fame with the novel "Ship of Fools" and a Pulitzer Prize for her collected stories in 1965. When she died in 1980 her ashes were returned home, buried beside her mother in Indian Creek Cemetery.

Kyle, TX

Born Callie Russell Porter in 1890, the future writer spent her Texas childhood in Kyle after her mother's death, raised in part by the grandmother whose name she would later adopt. She left the state in 1915, became a journalist, and rose to the front rank of American fiction with collections like "Flowering Judas" and "Pale Horse, Pale Rider" and the Pulitzer Prize-winning "Collected Stories." By her wish, her ashes were returned to Texas to rest beside her mother's grave.

Ennis, TX

Katie Litty Daffan built a remarkable public career at a time when few women did, working as a teacher, author, journalist, and clubwoman. She served as an officer of the Texas State Historical Association, wrote several books including a Texas history textbook, and edited the literary pages of the Houston Chronicle from 1921 to 1928. Deeply active in the United Daughters of the Confederacy, she led the Confederate Woman's Home in Austin from 1911 to 1918, and later taught and wrote a column in Ennis, where she died in 1951.

Yoakum, TX

Czech immigrant women worked farms as equals to men, yet insurers refused them life policies, leaving families exposed to the costs of illness and death. In 1894, Anna Jakubik and Marie Yurek of Yoakum founded the Katolika Jednota Zen Texaskych (Catholic Women's Union of Texas), a mutual-aid society that grew to 60 chapters and over 8,000 members by 1917. Uniquely staffed entirely by women, it evolved into a financial institution offering insurance, loans, and scholarships—and even published a Czech-language newspaper with hard news, rare for a women's publication of the era.

Hillsboro, TX

When the Missouri-Kansas-Texas (Katy) line reached Hillsboro in 1881, it stitched the growing town into the national rail network, and this handsome depot—completed in 1902 in a blend of Eastlake, Victorian, and Prairie styles—became its front door. Katy trains hauled building materials and new residents into town and, over the years, carried notable travelers including presidents Wilson, Taft, Coolidge, and Truman. Moved from its original site in 1978, the station preserves the era when the railroad was a small town's lifeline to the wider world.

Calvert, TX

When railroads turned Calvert into a cotton-trade center, its women joined the national club movement, chartering an American Woman's League chapter in 1908. On land donated by Ella Hamman, the league built this Prairie-style chapter house in 1909, complete with a commissioned bas-relief titled "Woman's Mission." Though the league soon folded, local women revived it as the Calvert Woman's Club and ran a community library from the building for decades.

Iola, TX

Katy Holland came to Texas in 1822 as a seven-year-old, part of Stephen F. Austin's celebrated "Old 300" colony of Anglo settlers. Her life laid bare the brutality of the frontier: twice widowed before she married William Cobb in the 1840s, she raised five children through hardship and loss. Her first husband was himself an Austin colonist, and her cousin Tapley Holland died at the Alamo.

Waco, TX

At the turn of the 20th century, baseball fever gripped Waco, and city leaders built a ballpark near the MKT ("Katy") rail line. Under baseball man Henry Fabian, teams came and went — the Tigers, Cubs, and Pirates — and the park hosted a 1929 exhibition where Babe Ruth waded into the crowd to check on a boy his line drive had struck. Segregation shaped the diamond too: Negro League clubs like the Kansas City Monarchs played here, and the final games in 1965 were part of a statewide tournament of African American teams.

Kaufman, TX

Created and organized in 1848 in the first years of Texas statehood, this county took the name of David Spangler Kaufman, a lawyer who reached Nacogdoches in 1837 and rose through the Congress of the Republic of Texas before winning a seat in the U.S. Congress. The marker stands in the county seat that also bears his name, a common frontier practice of anchoring a new county's identity to a favorite son. Kaufman's short life spanned the arc from independent republic to American state.

Kaufman, TX

This burial ground is part of a 600-acre poor farm that Kaufman County opened in 1883 to care for its indigent residents. It became the final resting place for poor-farm residents, jail inmates, transients, and paupers, and may first have received anonymous victims of an 1871 typhoid epidemic. Though most graves are unmarked, the earliest identified belongs to a poor-farm inmate who died the year the farm opened.

Kaufman, TX

Like many Texas counties in the 1880s, Kaufman County opened a poor farm in 1883 to shelter and feed indigent residents while replacing older, ad hoc relief. All able-bodied residents worked the land, and by 1893 even county inmates convicted of minor crimes lived on site; in the 1930s the farm doubled as a showcase for new agricultural methods. Usually filled to capacity, it operated into the 1970s, leaving behind a cemetery and a few buildings.

Scurry, TX

The first Masonic lodge in Kaufman County sat in the town of Kaufman, but in the 1880s impassable rain-soaked roads pushed sixteen members to seek a charter closer to home in the young town of Scurry. Kaufman Lodge No. 726, A.F. & A.M., was chartered in December 1891 and became a hub of community life, weathering fires and lean times as it moved from building to building. In keeping with Masonic tradition, its members raised funds for neighbors in need and supplied leaders for Scurry through good years and bad.

Kaufman, TX

The Love family settled near King's Fort in January 1845, and when they sold the surrounding land in 1849 they set aside a quarter acre as a graveyard—its first burial believed to be their son Robert. Among those interred are early county officials, a diarist whose firsthand account preserved the region's early landscape and people, and T. J. Johnson, thought to be the son of an African American couple tied to the Love family. Each headstone opens a window onto the founding generation of Kaufman County.

La Grange, TX

Insurance agent H. B. Kaulbach built this La Grange home in 1885, incorporating five rooms of an earlier house on the site. Designed by architect C. Michaelis, its Victorian exterior shows off a two-story columnar gallery and graceful arches carried on slender turned columns. The house was named a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1968.

Greenville, TX

Kavanaugh Methodist Church began in 1892 as a mission Sunday school and was chartered in 1896, taking its name from Bishop H. H. Kavanaugh. As the congregation outgrew its first four-room brick sanctuary, it built the present classical revival building, dedicated in 1924, with fine brickwork, a raised temple front and fifty art-glass windows. The structure remains a landmark of Greenville's early-20th-century civic and religious life.

Farmers Branch, TX

Thomas and Sarah Keenan came to this area with the Peters Colony in 1842, and when their two-month-old son John died in 1843 they buried him here, founding one of the earliest cemeteries in present-day Dallas County. The many infant graves testify to the brutal hardships of pioneer life. The Keenans' log cabin also hosted the area's first Baptist congregation in 1846, and those buried here include settlers and veterans of conflicts from the Civil War to Vietnam.

Keeter, TX

For more than a century, Keeter Cemetery has been the sole burial ground of the small community of Keeter, its earliest recorded grave that of infant Ida Mae Ryan, who died in 1882. Albert Lafayette Keeter, the settlement's namesake, donated the land for a cemetery in 1891 before moving away himself. Among those laid to rest here are Civil War and World War II veterans, tracing the community's span across generations.

Columbus, TX

Civil War veteran John Wilbur Keith and his wife Haseltine moved to Columbus in 1870 and built this house around 1871, selling it a few years later to merchant Charles W. Traylor and his wife Lura, granddaughter of an early Colorado River ferry operator. Children of both families were born in the house, and in 1896 a Keith son and a Traylor daughter were married there. Successive additions gave the home its Queen Anne detailing and late-Victorian center-passage character.

Wichita Falls, TX

Nicknamed "Little Adobe," this pueblo-revival terminal was built in 1928 for Kell Field, Wichita Falls' first municipal airport, in the heady early years of American commercial aviation. Pioneering aviators including Charles Lindbergh, Wiley Post, and Amelia Earhart passed through its doors. In 1941 the airfield was folded into Sheppard Field, a World War II Army Air Corps training center, and it endures today as part of Sheppard Air Force Base.

Wichita Falls, TX

Frank Kell came to Wichita Falls in 1896, following his brother-in-law Joseph Kemp, and together the two men steered the region through decades of explosive growth. Beginning with the Wichita Mill and Elevator Company, Kell chartered railroads to reach north Texas wheat, coal, and oil, built downtown warehouses and banks, and sold his milling empire to General Mills in 1928 while serving thirteen years as a Dallas Federal Reserve director.

Keller, TX

After the Texas & Pacific Railroad pushed through, druggist H. W. Wood set aside 40 acres in 1881 for a townsite he called "Athol." Within a year it was renamed Keller for John C. Keller, a railroad construction foreman. Businesses, hotels, doctors, a newspaper, and a shared Union Church soon sprang up to serve the surrounding farms.

Keller, TX

Like many small Texas towns, Keller began with congregations sharing whatever building was available, until the Keller Methodist Church was formally organized in 1897 under Pastor W. K. Simpson. The church built its own home in 1913 and, by 1946, supported a full-time minister and a growing membership. Renamed the First United Methodist Church of Keller in 1968, it went on to sponsor community programs such as the Christian Community Storehouse and a preschool.

Cuero, TX

German immigrant Antone Keller reached Texas in 1846 as a colonist of the German Emigration Company, landing at the bustling port of Indianola, where he opened a store and in 1851 built this house. After the devastating 1875 hurricane, his son moved the dwelling inland, and the family finally relocated the business to Cuero following Indianola's destruction in 1886. Later home to the Grunder family, the house was the 1910 birthplace of John Junior Bell, who went on to serve in the Texas Legislature, the state Senate, and the U.S. Congress.

Brookshire, TX

Platted in 1893 by John G. Kellner, who donated the right-of-way and station site for the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad, Kellner was the first town in this area. Its rich Brazos River watershed lands produced rice, cattle, peanuts, pecans, and later natural gas. The town was eventually renamed Brookshire, though Kellner's old home still stands nearby.

Waco, TX

Virginia-born Edward Kellum served in the Tennessee Militia during the War of 1812 before marrying Karen Tabor and moving west through Alabama and Mississippi, finally settling along the Brazos River in McLennan County in 1854. He established a farm and, before his death in 1863, chose this ground as the family graveyard, becoming its first burial. Twenty-five graves, most now marked only by illegible sandstone, hold several generations of Kellums; Mary Elizabeth Jurney Kellum, the last buried here in 1895, left provisions in her will to maintain the plot.

Houston, TX

Built in 1847 by Nathaniel Kellum in the young city of Houston, this brick house is among the oldest surviving structures in the city. Over its long life it served as an early school and, in 1899, became part of Houston's first city park. It was restored in 1954 by the Harris County Heritage Society, preserving a rare link to the antebellum republic-era town.

San Antonio, TX

When Major Benjamin Foulois scouted farmland south of San Antonio in 1917, he found the site that became Kelly Field, opened the day before the U.S. declared war on Germany. Named for the first military pilot killed in a crash, it trained aviators and mechanics for two world wars and taught fliers including Charles Lindbergh and Curtis LeMay. Through the Korean War, the Cold War, and Desert Storm it grew into San Antonio's largest employer before realigning in 2001.

Nacogdoches, TX

A member of the Second Congress of the Republic of Texas, Kelsey Harris Douglass commanded the Texas forces in the decisive July 1839 battle that drove the Cherokee and their allies from East Texas. A charter member of the Grand Masonic Lodge of Texas, he died in 1840, the same year as his young daughter Anne Elizabeth. His marker was raised by the state in 1936.

Corpus Christi, TX

Founded in 1872 under Bishop John C. Keener, this Corpus Christi congregation was led by the Rev. Alejo Hernandez, remembered as the first ordained Mexican American Methodist minister. The church weathered the upheavals of the Mexican Revolution and the Depression, emerging by the late 1930s as a Spanish-speaking Iglesia Metodista. A gift from Anna Marietta Kelsey funded a new sanctuary, and in 1948 the church was renamed in memory of her parents, the early Corpus Christi settlers John and Amanda Kelsey.

Kelsey, TX

In 1898 two brothers bought timberland in this corner of East Texas and, with church endorsement, planted a Latter-day Saint colony that took shape over the next few years. A Sunday school, a laid-out townsite, a store-based post office, and a one-room building serving as both school and church all followed by the early 1900s, and the first church was raised in 1909. The Kelsey Branch became a hub, sponsoring congregations across a wide swath of East Texas towns before consolidating in 1958.

Enon, TX

In the late 1890s the Edgar brothers and other Latter-day Saint families from Alabama settled along Kelsey Creek, and by 1901 church officials had founded the area's first branch and school. Upshur County created Kelsey School District No. 45 in 1907, and a two-story brick schoolhouse rose in 1911, drawing students as smaller nearby schools closed. Failed crops and the Great Depression thinned the population, and the school closed in 1943.

Kemah, TX

The land beneath Kemah began as an 1824 Mexican grant to Michael Gouldrich, one of Stephen F. Austin's original three hundred colonists. By the 1890s the Kipp and Bradford families held the tract, and when the railroad pushed through in 1898 they founded a townsite called Evergreen. Rebuilt after the devastating 1900 storm and renamed Kemah when it won a post office in 1907, the little Galveston Bay town grew on boat building, commercial fishing, and tourism.

Kemp, TX

Kemp's story begins in 1851 with a U.S. post office and its first postmaster, Levi Noble, anchoring an agricultural settlement that served surrounding farm families before the Civil War. A traveling Presbyterian preacher founded the Kemp Academy in 1867, but it was the Texas Trunk Railroad in the 1880s that truly spurred growth — by 1882, a year before the tracks even arrived, the town already boasted dry-goods stores, a saloon, blacksmith, three churches, and a steam gin and mill. Kemp incorporated, dissolved in 1910, and reincorporated in 1922 as it settled into life as a farm-trade center.

Wichita Falls, TX

In the 1890s Flora Anderson Kemp and other Wichita Falls women began circulating books among friends, an early grassroots library. After years of trying, Flora asked her husband, pioneer businessman Joseph Alexander Kemp, for a public library building as a Christmas gift in 1916; in 1918 he presented the main structure to the city. Citizens donated 4,000 books and raised money to furnish it, and though enlarged over the years, the original building remains intact.

Wichita Falls, TX

Joseph Alexander Kemp, who opened his first store at eighteen, moved to Wichita Falls in 1883 and spent his life building the young town into a commercial city. He helped charter rail lines, platted new neighborhoods, erected banks, hotels, and a library, and — most consequentially — privately financed Lake Wichita in 1901 and later Lakes Kemp and Diversion to give the arid region a dependable water supply.

Kempner, TX

Founded in 1882, this town honors Harris Kempner, a Polish immigrant who became a Texas banker, railroad magnate, and philanthropist. After arriving in America he joined Parson's Brigade in the Confederate Army and was wounded in the Red River Campaign, left for dead on the battlefield before recovering to serve out the war. He went on to help rebuild Texas in the decades that followed.

Kendalia, TX

In 1882 Boerne newspaper editor Carl Gustav Vogel and his wife Ettie began buying land here, and after a Methodist congregation organized in 1886 they deeded this site to it. Community residents raised the meetinghouse themselves; after the fellowship merged with a Boerne church in 1966, a new Kendalia Community Church took over the building and carries on.

Boerne, TX

Kendall County was carved out and organized in early 1862 and named for George Wilkins Kendall, a journalist and author who co-founded the New Orleans Picayune and survived the ill-fated Santa Fe Expedition. Beyond his newspaper fame, Kendall became the most successful sheep rancher in the Southwest. The county seat was fixed at Boerne, in the German-settled Hill Country.

Boerne, TX

Built in 1869–1870, this is the first and only courthouse Kendall County has ever had, raised seven years after the county organized. Its early officials were a colorful lot: first county judge Joseph Graham later became U.S. Consul to Argentina, and first sheriff Capt. John Sansom was a Texas Ranger and Indian fighter. Early dockets brimmed with frontier cases—horse theft, cattle rustling, and illegal liquor sales—before additions and remodeling in 1909 and 1954.

Boerne, TX

Masons in Boerne worked toward a lodge from 1904, and the Grand Lodge of Texas chartered Kendall Lodge No. 897 in December 1905. After fire destroyed their hall in 1908, members met in the county courthouse and then the Calrow Building before settling into a new home in 1969. In 1911 local women chartered Boerne Chapter No. 200 of the Order of the Eastern Star, and both bodies have long supported the community.

Kendleton, TX

This Fort Bend County ground carries layers of Texas history: a Mexican land grant to settler Elizabeth Powell, whose home served as a frontier stage stop, and a spot where Santa Anna's army camped during the 1836 Texas Revolution. The community that endures here, though, was born of Reconstruction, when William E. Kendall sold parcels for as little as fifty cents an acre to help formerly enslaved people establish their own farms. When the railroad arrived in 1884, the freedmen's village took Kendall's name.

Kenedy, TX

Rising on land once part of a royal Spanish grant, Kenedy took shape after railroad promoter Mifflin Kenedy bought a townsite in 1886 along the San Antonio and Aransas Pass line. Booming into a cotton and business hub, the incorporated town earned the rough nickname "Six Shooter Junction," and a 1915 hot-mineral-water strike spawned a popular bath house and hotel. During World War II an alien detention camp operated on its outskirts, one chapter in a long agricultural history that still sustains the town.

Kenedy, TX

During World War II the United States interned not only its own residents of German, Japanese, and Italian ancestry but also civilians seized from Latin American nations, holding many as bargaining chips to exchange for Americans trapped overseas. The camp at Kenedy opened in April 1942 and passed more than 3,500 internees through its fences over thirty months before becoming a branch prisoner-of-war camp for Fort Sam Houston. Five people who died in confinement lie buried here, their graves marked by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1976 and the ground designated a Historic Texas Cemetery in 2005.

Sarita, TX

Kenedy County was carved from Cameron, Willacy, and Hidalgo counties in 1921 and named for Mifflin Kenedy, who came to Texas in 1846 aboard U.S. Army supply boats and went on to become a leading commercial navigator of the Rio Grande. Kenedy built a steamboat and ranching empire along the lower river before his death in 1895, and the tiny town of Sarita serves as the seat of the sparsely peopled county that bears his name. The county's late creation reflects the slow settlement of the vast South Texas ranchlands.

Kenedy, TX

After the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor drew the United States into World War II, the government detained tens of thousands of people it classified as 'enemy aliens' — Japanese, German, and Italian nationals, many seized in Latin America, along with U.S.-citizen relatives. Texas hosted several confinement sites, and Camp Kenedy, a former WWI training camp and Civilian Conservation Corps site, was converted by the Immigration and Naturalization Service in 1942. Its first detainees, largely men from Latin American republics, arrived that April; the camp held internees until 1944, when it became a prisoner-of-war camp.

Kennard, TX

Kennard was founded in 1903 by the Louisiana and Texas Lumber Company on 160 platted acres, with land agent Alexander McTavish doubling as its first postmaster. As the terminus of the Eastern Texas Railroad hauling timber toward Angelina County, the town quickly drew businesses and residents from older settlements nearby, gaining banks, stores, and lodges. Timber and farming carried it through the 1920s and 1930s, and after State Highway 7 shifted its center to Main Street, Kennard incorporated in 1969 and endures in the heart of the Davy Crockett National Forest.

Gonzales, TX

James B. and Anna Jones Kennard built this Queen Anne–style house in 1895, and it remained in the Kennard family until 1963. Its ornate lines reflect the exuberant Victorian architecture that prosperous Texans favored at the close of the nineteenth century. Recognized as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1967, it was carefully restored in the mid-1960s.

Kennedale, TX

The farming and brick-making community of Kennedale established its school district around 1890, decades before the town formally incorporated in 1947. The first two-story frame school had a single teacher and a two-month academic year built around the farm calendar. A brick schoolhouse rose on this site in 1913, and though its origins tie to the WPA era, an old rock wall — attributed by local memory to Depression-era federal labor — still marks the campus.

Kerrville, TX

Built in 1914 for seven-term legislator and Texas House Speaker Austin Milton Kennedy, this Victorian Free Classic house sheltered him only three months before tuberculosis claimed his life. In 1919 rancher and businessman Sid Peterson and his wife Myrta bought the home; the Petersons later endowed a charitable foundation for local students and, in 1949, the Sid Peterson Memorial Hospital. With its wrap-around porch and original beveled glass and columns, the house remains a Hill Country landmark.

Anderson, TX

Kenneth Lewis Anderson rose through the young Republic of Texas as a district judge, Speaker of the House, and finally its last Vice President before his death in 1845, the year Texas moved toward statehood. The town of Fanthorp was renamed Anderson in his honor, and this state-erected memorial also remembers his wife, Patience Burdett Anderson. His career spanned the brief, turbulent life of an independent Texas nation.

Jayton, TX

Kent County was carved from older Texas territories in 1876 and formally organized in 1892, taking its name from Andrew Kent, one of the defenders who fell at the Alamo. Its county seat first sat at Clairmont before moving to Jayton in 1952. The State of Texas erected this marker during the 1936 centennial of independence.

Whitewright, TX

First settled in the 1830s as Annaliza, this Grayson County community was renamed by Kentucky emigrants in 1858 and laid out in an unusual pattern meant to guard against raids on the frontier. A stop on freight and stage routes, it became a cradle of "Sacred Harp" shape-note singing and, during the Civil War, a rendezvous for the notorious Quantrill guerrilla band. Its layered history packs settlement, culture, and wartime lawlessness into one small crossroads.

Whitewright, TX

Founded in 1853 by Kentuckians who rolled into North Texas by wagon train, this congregation is a marker of the great overland migrations that carried Upland Southern families west before the Civil War. The settlers named their new community for the home state they had left behind, and the present sanctuary went up in 1904.