Historic Markers in Pennsylvania

White Haven, PA · est. 1985

This town took its name from Josiah White, the engineer whose Lehigh Navigation system moved coal and lumber out of the mountains. From 1837 to 1862 White Haven marked the northern end of the two-way canal navigation reaching down to Easton. Here the waterway met White's twenty-mile railroad to Wilkes-Barre, whose steep inclined "Ashley Planes" hauled cars up and over the ridge.

Nazareth, PA · est. 1966

The Whitefield House was begun in 1740 at the urging of the famed revivalist preacher George Whitefield, who envisioned it as a school for Black children. When his plans faltered, the Moravians completed the building in 1743 and put it to communal use—most memorably as a shared home for 32 newly married German couples brought to Pennsylvania in 1744. Its stout walls have watched over Nazareth ever since.

Nazareth, PA · est. 1931

The Whitefield House traces its origins to 1740, when the famed revivalist George Whitefield acquired land in the Pennsylvania backcountry with the intention of founding a school for Black children. Moravian Brethren began the sturdy stone building, and after the Moravians purchased the tract in 1741 it served in turn as a family dwelling, a girls' boarding school, and a nursery for missionaries' children. Since the 19th century it has housed the Moravian Historical Society and Museum, preserving the memory of these early ventures.

Springfield Township, PA · est. 1947

In the autumn of 1777, with Philadelphia fallen to the British, George Washington made the Emlen House his headquarters from early November into December. From this ground his army fought its last engagement of the year, repulsing a British probe on December 5–6 in what became known as the Battle of White Marsh. Days later Washington marched his weary troops to the winter encampment that would test them: Valley Forge.

Coatesville, PA · est. 2007

A 1924 Howard University graduate, Dr. Whittier C. Atkinson opened his practice in Coatesville in 1927 and in 1936 founded the Clement Atkinson Memorial Hospital, offering care to everyone regardless of their ability to pay. He broke barriers as the first African American president of the Chester County Medical Society and was named Pennsylvania Practitioner of the Year in 1960. His hospital stood as a rare place of open access in an era of segregated medicine.

White Deer Township, PA · est. 1967

In 1774 Catherine Smith, a widow, established a stone house and a complex of saw and grist mills along this stretch of the West Branch frontier. When the Revolution came, she built a boring mill in 1776 that finished gun barrels for the Continental Army, turning a backwoods industrial site into a small arsenal for the war effort. Running such works alone in a contested wilderness was a formidable undertaking for anyone, and remarkable for a woman of her day.

Covington Township, PA

On a November day in 1946, a Conemaugh man named George A. Oswald is said to have shot three wildcats from this very rock in the wooded ridges of Clearfield County, and he marked the spot so the feat wouldn't be forgotten. In the mid-20th century the forests of the Pennsylvania Alleghenies still harbored bobcats and other wild game, and hunting was woven into the rhythm of rural life. Small, homemade commemorations like this one turned an ordinary outcrop into a local landmark, preserving a hunter's tall-but-true story in stone.

Harrisburg, PA · est. 2005

Once known as Wetzel's Swamp, Wildwood Park was reimagined in the City Beautiful spirit championed by advocates Horace McFarland and Mira Lloyd Dock. Designed in 1901 as part of a plan by leading horticulturist Warren Manning, it opened its first trails in 1907 as the largest of Harrisburg's new parks. The project reflected a nationwide push to weave recreation, nature preservation, and flood control into the fabric of growing cities.

Wilkes-Barre Township, PA · est. 1949

Wilkes-Barre was laid out in 1770 by settlers from Connecticut, who claimed this Susquehanna valley land under their colony's sea-to-sea charter—a claim Pennsylvania hotly disputed. The rival claims erupted into the Pennamite Wars of 1769–72 and again in 1784, while the Revolution brought the brutal Wyoming Massacre of 1778 nearby. Organized as the seat of Connecticut's "County of Westmoreland" in 1776, the town sat at the center of one of early America's fiercest boundary struggles.

Wilkes-Barre, PA · est. 1949

Wilkes-Barre was laid out in 1770 by settlers from Connecticut, who claimed this stretch of the Susquehanna under their colony's charter in defiance of Pennsylvania. The dispute boiled over into the Pennamite Wars of 1769–72 and 1784, and in 1778 the surrounding Wyoming Valley suffered the infamous Wyoming Massacre during the Revolution. Made the seat of the Connecticut-created "County of Westmoreland" in 1776, the settlement stood at the heart of a bitter contest over who owned the land itself.

Swoyersville, PA · est. 1947

Finished in 1778, this fort enclosed the courthouse of Westmoreland—the county Connecticut had carved out of the disputed Wyoming Valley. It stood only briefly: with the valley overrun by British and Loyalist forces that same summer, it surrendered alongside nearby Forty Fort, another casualty of the campaign that broke the Yankee settlement.

Pittsburgh, PA · est. 1995

Billy Strayhorn grew up in Pittsburgh's Homewood neighborhood and honed his gifts at Westinghouse High School before becoming one of the great composers and arrangers in American jazz. His decades-long partnership with Duke Ellington produced some of the era's most enduring music, and his composition "Take the A Train" became the Ellington orchestra's signature theme. A classically trained musician with a sophisticated ear, Strayhorn shaped the sound of the Ellington band from behind the scenes.

Jefferson Township, PA · est. 1955

William A. "Uncle Billy" Smith was the blacksmith whose hand-forged tools made the drilling possible when Colonel Edwin Drake struck oil near Titusville in 1859. Working the cable-tool rig he had built himself, Smith brought in the roughly 69-foot well that is remembered as the world's first successful oil well. The strike launched the petroleum age, and Smith, who died in 1890, is buried near this spot.

Wellsboro, PA · est. 1948

William A. Stone rose from a Tioga County farm to the top of Pennsylvania politics, born just southwest of here in 1846. A graduate of the Mansfield Normal School, he began practicing law in Wellsboro in 1870 before moving to Pittsburgh, serving in Congress through the 1890s and as governor from 1899 to 1903. His career spanned the Gilded Age into the new century.

Delmar Township, PA · est. 1948

Born about two and a half miles from this spot in 1846, William A. Stone became one of Tioga County's most prominent sons. Trained at the Mansfield Normal School, he opened a law practice in Wellsboro in 1870, later relocating to Pittsburgh, and went on to serve in Congress in the 1890s and as governor of Pennsylvania from 1899 to 1903. He died in 1920.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2009

William Allen was one of colonial America's richest men, and his fortune helped build the institutions of early Philadelphia. He backed construction of the State House, now Independence Hall, and helped found Pennsylvania Hospital and the college that became the University of Pennsylvania. He established Allentown and served as Chief Justice of Pennsylvania's Supreme Court, but as revolution neared he broke with the patriot cause and remained a Loyalist until his death at his Mount Airy estate.

North Wales, PA · est. 2008

William Trego built a national reputation as a painter of American history—dramatic canvases like "March to Valley Forge" and "Rescue of the Colors"—and he did it while paralyzed in both hands, gripping and guiding his brushes through sheer determination. He learned his craft here alongside his father, the artist Jonathan K. Trego, who was both parent and mentor. Their Montgomery County home was where a remarkable talent was nurtured against long odds.

Blossburg, PA · est. 1948

William B. Wilson rose from the coal seams of Pennsylvania's northern tier to the highest councils of American government. Born in Scotland in 1862 and set to work young in the Arnot mines, he became a leading voice for organized labor in an era of brutal mine conditions and bitter strikes. In 1913 President Wilson named him the very first U.S. Secretary of Labor, a post he held through the upheavals of World War I and its aftermath until 1921. The house across the road anchored the life of a man who never forgot the pit where he started.

Carroll Township, PA · est. 1951

William Bigler was born about a mile west of here in 1814 and went on to serve as governor of Pennsylvania from 1852 to 1855, then as a United States senator from 1856 to 1861. In office he fought the reckless chartering of "wildcat" banks and opposed the log-rolling omnibus bills of the day. In a remarkable family coincidence, his brother John — born on the same ground — was serving simultaneously as governor of California, giving one Pennsylvania household two statehouses at once.

Clearfield, PA · est. 2004

William Bigler rose through Pennsylvania politics from state senator to governor in the 1850s and then to the United States Senate on the eve of the Civil War. Though he opposed slavery, he belonged to the camp that hoped a compromise with the South might hold the Union together and avert war. In a striking family coincidence, his brother John was elected governor of California the same year William won Pennsylvania; William made his home here.

York, PA · est. 1987

Born into slavery in 1805, William C. Goodridge built a remarkable life of enterprise in antebellum York. Tanner, barber, and newspaper distributor, he prospered enough to raise York's first five-story building and to run a small fleet of rail cars. Those same cars did quieter, riskier work: carrying freedom seekers northward along the Underground Railroad.

Colerain Township, PA · est. 1951

William Cameron Sproul, born near this spot in 1870, rose from the newspaper and steel businesses of Delaware County to the governor's chair, serving from 1919 to 1923. His single term is remembered as a burst of state-building: a landmark road-construction program that laid groundwork for Pennsylvania's modern highways, the Edmonds Act reforming the public schools, and the creation of a Department of Welfare to coordinate social services. He died near Chester in 1928, his home preserved as a marked landmark.

Wilkes-Barre, PA · est. 2004

A prosperous Wilkes-Barre merchant, William Camp Gildersleeve turned his home and business into a refuge for freedom seekers, making him a central figure in the Underground Railroad of the Wyoming Valley. In 1853 he testified in a widely reported federal case arising from the shooting of a fugitive named William Thomas by deputy marshals—testimony that drew national notice, especially in African American newspapers. His public stand came amid the fierce national conflict over the Fugitive Slave Act.

Salisbury Township, PA · est. 2006

When William Chester Ruth opened his blacksmith and machine shop here in 1923, he served the Pennsylvania German farmers of Lancaster County with skilled metalwork and repairs. A self-taught African American inventor, he patented numerous agricultural devices, most famously a 1928 baler feeder, and later turned his ingenuity toward military equipment. Beyond the forge, he was a respected spiritual leader in his community.

Monroeville, PA · est. 1960

A chance act of kindness on a foggy London street changed American boyhood forever. Publisher William D. Boyce, lost in the city, was guided by an English Boy Scout who refused a tip, and the encounter inspired him to bring Scouting home. In 1910 his efforts led to the founding of the Boy Scouts of America, chartered by Congress in 1916. Boyce was born in Allegheny County, not far from this spot.

West Chester, PA · est. 1952

William Darlington began his 33-year tenure as president of the Bank of Chester County in this building in 1830, capping a life that ranged across medicine, politics, and science. A physician and former congressman, he is best remembered as one of early America's most respected botanists, cataloging the plants of the region and corresponding with naturalists across the country. He died in 1863, having helped make West Chester a small hub of scientific learning.

Howard Township, PA · est. 1971

William F. Packer rose from newspaper editor and publisher to the governorship of Pennsylvania, serving from 1858 to 1861 in the tense years just before the Civil War. Born near this spot in 1807, he made improved transportation—canals and railroads—the signature cause of his public life, reflecting an era when a state's fortunes rode on its ability to move goods to market. He died in Williamsport in 1870.

Bethel Township, PA

This monument was raised in 1934 to honor William F. Shanaman, a civic leader who served as president of the Blue Mountain Eagle Climbing Club. Founded in Reading in 1916, the club is one of the oldest hiking organizations in the country and devoted itself to opening and maintaining trails across the wooded ridges of eastern Pennsylvania's Blue Mountain. Its volunteers were among the many local clubs that helped scout and build sections of the Appalachian Trail as that footpath took shape through the state in the 1920s and 1930s.

Mercersburg, PA · est. 1950

William Findlay was born on this Mercersburg site in 1768 and rose to serve as governor of Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1820 — notably the first gubernatorial candidate chosen by a nominating convention rather than a legislative caucus. A champion of state-funded canals, roads, and other "internal improvements," he later represented Pennsylvania in the U.S. Senate. He died at Harrisburg in 1846.

Latrobe, PA · est. 1994

Near the western edge of Latrobe stood the modest log house of William Findley, an antifederalist congressman who lived plainly among the western Pennsylvania farmers he represented. A powerful shaper of frontier opinion, he sympathized with the grievances behind the Whiskey Rebellion yet worked to head off bloodshed as tempers boiled over in late 1794. His 1796 account of the uprising directly challenged Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's version of what had caused it.

Wilkes-Barre, PA · est. 2006

For most of the 20th century, a single company controlled American telephone service until entrepreneurs like Ashley native William G. McGowan set out to break that grip. As founder of MCI Communications, McGowan waged a long legal and business fight against AT&T's monopoly, helping open the industry to competition. His success also funded major gifts to medical research and institutions.

Indiana, PA · est. 1990

William Sylvis came out of Indiana County in 1828 and rose to become one of the most important figures in America's early labor movement. In 1859 he founded the National Union of Iron Molders, then in 1868 became president of the National Labor Union, an ambitious attempt to knit together the country's scattered trade unions into a single national voice. Remarkable for his era, he pressed for solidarity across lines of race and nationality, and when he died in 1869 the movement mourned him as "labor's champion."

Buffalo Township, PA · est. 1998

Born nearby in 1800, William Holmes McGuffey compiled the McGuffey Eclectic Readers, first published in 1836, which taught generations of American schoolchildren to read. Blending reading instruction with moral lessons drawn from stories, essays, and poems, the Readers sold some 122 million copies over the next 85 years and were adopted in dozens of states. Few textbooks have so shaped a nation's classrooms.

Swatara Township, PA · est. 1997

Born free in New York, the man honored here devoted his life to the fight against slavery, lecturing across the United States, Canada, and Britain on behalf of the enslaved and free Black communities. After the Civil War he settled in Harrisburg, edited a newspaper, and served as a leader in the A.M.E. Zion Church. In 1878 he broke a barrier by becoming the first African American elected to the city's school board, later serving as its president.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2013

William Lewis was a Philadelphia lawyer and judge whose convictions helped end slavery in his state at the dawn of the republic. He played a key role in drafting and passing Pennsylvania's 1780 Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery — the first such law in America — and spent his life defending the freedom it granted, serving as counsel for the Pennsylvania Abolition Society. His elegant summer home, Strawberry Mansion, built in 1789, still stands as a reminder of the man.

Rose Valley, PA · est. 2021

Architect William Lightfoot Price helped found the Rose Valley community here in 1901 as an experiment in Arts & Crafts living, designing homes like Thunderbird Lodge and Schönhouse and the cottages along Porter and Prices lanes in the spirit of the English movement he admired. At the same time, he worked at a grand scale, pioneering reinforced-concrete hotels and railroad stations from Atlantic City to Chicago. His dual career bridged handcrafted idealism and bold structural innovation.

Harrisburg, PA · est. 1946

William Maclay of Harrisburg was one of Pennsylvania's first two U.S. senators, taking his seat in 1789 as the new federal government convened. He kept a candid journal of the Senate's earliest debates — a rare inside record of the founding — and became a sharp critic of Washington's administration and Alexander Hamilton's policies. A champion of Jeffersonian democracy, he helped shape the young republic's political opposition.

Sunbury, PA · est. 1947

William Maclay lived in a house on this street from 1773 to 1786 and helped survey Sunbury in 1772 before moving to Harrisburg. Chosen as one of the first United States senators, he kept a candid journal of the Senate's earliest debates—an invaluable record—and emerged as an outspoken critic of Washington and Hamilton and an early champion of Jeffersonian democracy.

Amity Township, PA · est. 1926

William Penn, the Quaker founder of Pennsylvania, made his first visit to his new proprietary colony between 1682 and 1684, the formative years when Philadelphia was laid out and the colony's character set. This marker records how far north he ventured up the Schuylkill River, reaching near the mouth of Monocacy Creek. It is a small window onto how a proprietor learned the shape and reach of the land he governed.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2015

Founded by Philadelphia Quakers in 1689 and chartered by William Penn in 1701, William Penn Charter School embodied the founder's radical vision of learning open to all. In an age when schooling was a privilege of the few, it offered free tuition to the poor, educated both boys and girls, and admitted students of all races. It endures today as the oldest continuously operating Friends school in the world, still rooted in its Quaker principles.

Upper Makefield Township, PA · est. 2001

In the summer of 1682, only months after receiving his charter, William Penn began acquiring land from the region's Lenape inhabitants under a distinctive measure: the distance a man could cover on foot in a day and a half, walked out from the mouth of Neshaminy Creek. This spot along Towissinck (Jerricho) Creek marked the northern edge of that first purchase, which took in the ground that became Bristol, Falls, Middletown, Newtown, and the Makefield townships. Tradition holds that Penn made the walk himself, at an unhurried pace that reflected his early intent to deal fairly.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1991

From his Philadelphia home, William Still worked as a key agent of the Underground Railroad, guiding fugitives from slavery toward freedom and carefully recording their names and stories so that separated families might one day reunite. A prosperous coal merchant, he used his standing and resources to advance Black civil rights, helping found the city's first Black YMCA. His meticulous accounts, later published, remain one of the most important firsthand records of the Underground Railroad.

Reading, PA · est. 1951

William Strong built a distinguished legal career from this corner of Reading, where his home and law office once stood. He rose from the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to the Supreme Court of the United States, where he served through the 1870s during the turbulent Reconstruction years, and in 1877 sat on the Electoral Commission that resolved the disputed Hayes–Tilden presidential election. He died in 1895, one of the era's most respected jurists.

Collier Township, PA · est. 1992

From his home in Rennersdale, William T. Kerr devoted his life to a single patriotic cause: establishing a national day to honor the American flag. He founded the American Flag Day Association and led it for half a century, campaigning tirelessly for official recognition. His persistence was rewarded on August 3, 1949, when President Truman—with Kerr standing beside him—signed the act designating June 14 as Flag Day.

Scranton, PA · est. 2016

William W. Scranton belonged to the family whose name the city bears, and he came of age as its anthracite economy was fading. A World War II pilot, he served in Congress and then as governor of Pennsylvania in the 1960s, pushing to modernize the state's industry, highways, schools, and welfare programs. His later roles as a United Nations ambassador and adviser to presidents made him a national figure across decades of public life.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1992

William Whipper, born around 1804, was a founder of the American Moral Reform Society and edited its journal in 1838-39, advocating self-improvement and equality. A committed Underground Railroad agent, he used his lumber business in Columbia, Pennsylvania, to help hundreds of freedom seekers passing through between 1847 and 1860. A prosperous Black businessman, he later made his home in this city.

Monroe Township, PA · est. 1980

In the decades after the Civil War, farmers organized into the Grange movement to fight railroad monopolies and share knowledge, and Williams Grove became one of its great gathering places. Founded in 1874 by Robert H. Thomas of the Pennsylvania State Grange, the Great Grangers' Interstate Picnic Exhibition drew crowds estimated at 100,000 or more in a single week by the 1890s. The nearby John Williams House, built around 1799, anchored the site to an earlier era of rural Pennsylvania life.

Old Lycoming Township, PA · est. 1947

Between 1792 and 1796 land agent Charles Williamson drove a road north from Trout Run through the Pennsylvania wilderness toward Lawrenceville, opening the way to the Genesee country he was promoting in New York. Cut roughly along the line modern highways still follow, the Williamson Road turned trackless forest into a route settlers and speculators could travel.

Liberty, PA · est. 1947

In the 1790s, crews cutting the Williamson Road through the northern Pennsylvania wilderness depended on a log storehouse here at Liberty known as the Block House. Roughly twenty by forty feet, it held supplies and served as a bakery where bread was made for the laborers pushing the route through rugged terrain between 1792 and 1796. Roads like this one were the fragile lifelines that made settlement of the interior possible.

Richmond Township, PA · est. 1953

In late 1792, crews cutting the Williamson Road through the northern Pennsylvania wilderness reached this point as their supplies gave out and starvation threatened. Rescue came by water, as canoes bearing food paddled up from Painted Post to relieve the stranded workers—an incident that gave nearby Canoe Camp its lasting name. The road was part of an ambitious effort to open the interior of the state to settlement.

Loyalsock Township, PA · est. 1947

Michael Ross laid out Williamsport in 1795 on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, and the settlement grew from a chartered borough in 1806 into a full city by 1866. That leap coincided with its heyday as one of the nation's great lumber centers, when logs floated down from the vast north-central Pennsylvania forests and a boom in the river corralled millions of feet of timber. For generations it stood as the region's hub of trade and travel.

South Williamsport, PA · est. 1947

Founded by Michael Ross in 1795 along the West Branch of the Susquehanna, Williamsport advanced from borough in 1806 to city in 1866. Its fortunes rode the great lumber boom, when the surrounding forests made it one of the leading timber centers in the country and its river held a famous log boom. For over a century it anchored the trade and travel of the surrounding valley.

New Kensington, PA

A New Kensington native, Willie Thrower broke a color line in 1953 when he became the first African American to play quarterback in the modern National Football League, appearing in two games for the Chicago Bears—having already been the first Black quarterback in the Big Ten as a member of Michigan State's 1952 national championship team. He first starred on the gridiron here, quarterbacking New Kensington High School to WPIAL titles from 1946 to 1948. His pro career took him to Canada before ending at just twenty-seven.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2009

Opened in 1834, Wills Eye Hospital was the first medical institution in the United States devoted entirely to diseases of the eye, and the first to train physicians in the young specialty of ophthalmology. Growing from that pioneering mission, it earned a worldwide reputation for its advances in surgical and medical eye care. Its focus on patient care, research, and teaching set a standard for specialized American medicine.

Gettysburg, PA · est. 1949

In November 1863, the town of Gettysburg was still reeling from the great battle fought that July when it gathered to dedicate a national cemetery for the Union dead. Abraham Lincoln lodged in the home of attorney David Wills, met Governor Andrew Curtin and other dignitaries, and greeted crowds from the doorway. It was here, on the eve of the ceremony, that the President put the finishing touches on the few short remarks that would become the Gettysburg Address.

Chambersburg, PA · est. 1952

Founded in 1869 and named for its benefactor Sarah Wilson, Wilson College opened its doors to women in 1870, making it one of the oldest women's colleges in the United States. Its first home was "Norland," the former residence of Colonel Alexander K. McClure, a prominent Pennsylvania newspaperman and politician who was a close friend and ally of Abraham Lincoln. The college took root in the optimistic decades after the Civil War, when higher education for women was still a novel and contested idea.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2000

Wilt Chamberlain was born in Philadelphia in 1936 and first drew national notice as a schoolboy star at Overbrook High before starring at the University of Kansas. Over a professional career from 1958 to 1973 — with the Harlem Globetrotters, the Warriors and 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers — the towering center rewrote the record books, most famously scoring 100 points in a single game in 1962. A four-time Most Valuable Player and Hall of Famer, he remains one of the most dominant athletes the sport has ever seen.

Derry Township, PA · est. 2002

On the night of March 2, 1962, in a game played in Hershey, Philadelphia Warriors center Wilt Chamberlain did something no one has matched: he scored 100 points in a single NBA game, leading his team past the New York Knicks 169–147 before a modest crowd of 4,124. It capped a season of staggering dominance in which Chamberlain averaged 50.4 points a game and topped 50 points on 45 separate nights.

Windber, PA · est. 1999

Founded in 1897 by the Berwind-White Coal Mining Company, Windber was a company town unlike most — a substantial independent center ringed by thirteen smaller 'patch towns' housing the miners. The company built landmarks like the 1914 Wilmore Building and the 1919 Arcadia Theatre, while thousands of immigrants poured in to work the bituminous seams, the largest output coming from Eureka Mine No. 40. Company mining here ended in 1962.

Windber, PA · est. 2003

When Windber-area Berwind-White miners joined the United Mine Workers' national strike in April 1922, they were demanding not just better pay but recognition, civil liberties, and humane conditions. The walkout dragged on for sixteen months, and strikers' families were evicted from company-owned housing into hardship. A New York City inquiry publicized the grim living and working conditions of the coal patch and even called for nationalizing the mines.