Historic Markers in Pennsylvania

Marlborough Township, PA · est. 2014

From his print shop in Marlborough Township, Enos Benner served the region's large Pennsylvania German population as teacher, author, editor, and printer. His weekly newspaper, Der Bauern Freund (The Farmer's Friend), ran from 1828 to 1858 and survives complete—an unusually rich record of political and social life in the Jacksonian era as seen through German-speaking eyes. Benner and his descendants kept the shop running for a century.

Ephrata, PA · est. 1947

In 1732 the mystic Conrad Beissel founded a community of Seventh Day Baptists at Ephrata, a cloister of celibate brothers and sisters and married householders who kept the Sabbath on Saturday. They became famous for their austere medieval-style buildings, their haunting original hymns, and their printing and Fraktur calligraphy — one of colonial America's most remarkable experiments in communal religious life.

Ephrata, PA · est. 1947

In 1732 the mystic Conrad Beissel founded a community of Seventh Day Baptists at Ephrata, a cloister of celibate brothers and sisters alongside married householders who observed a Saturday Sabbath. Their stark medieval-style buildings, original a cappella hymns, and pioneering printing and Fraktur work made the settlement one of colonial America's most distinctive religious communities.

Ephrata, PA · est. 1948

In the 1730s the mystic Conrad Beissel drew German-speaking followers into a Pietist community of celibate ascetics and married householders on the banks of the Cocalico. Between 1735 and 1749 they raised the steep-roofed medieval-style buildings that still survive, living a spare, disciplined life of worship, manual labor, and remarkable creative output — original a cappella hymns, illuminated Fraktur calligraphy, and one of colonial America's busiest printing presses. Kept as the Seventh Day Baptist ('Solitary') brethren, the settlement was among the earliest and most unusual communal societies in the colonies.

Ephrata, PA · est. 2022

In the 1740s, within the austere religious community of Ephrata Cloister, a remarkable group of women composed original hymns for their congregation's worship. Sister Föben, Sister Ketura, and Sister Hanna wrote both intricate melodies and sacred texts at a time when few women anywhere were credited as composers. Their music was woven into the daily devotional life of one of colonial America's most distinctive spiritual settlements.

Carlisle, PA · est. 1949

In 1751, when Carlisle was still a raw county seat on Pennsylvania's western frontier, the Penn family set aside this square for the Church of England, and the first church building rose the following year. St. John's Episcopal congregation has worshipped on the ground ever since, an unbroken thread of community life stretching back before the Revolution. The grant reflects the proprietors' careful planning of Carlisle as an ordered outpost of colonial society.

Millcreek Township, PA · est. 1946

Pennsylvania's only outlet to the Great Lakes came through the Erie Triangle, a wedge of shoreline the state secured in 1792 to gain a harbor on Lake Erie. Surveyors Andrew Ellicott and William Irvine laid out the town in 1795 on ground that had already carried French, British, and American forts. In 1813 Oliver Hazard Perry built his fleet in this sheltered harbor before sailing out to win the Battle of Lake Erie.

Summit Township, PA · est. 1946

Pennsylvania's only Great Lakes port grew out of the Erie Triangle, a strip of Lake Erie shoreline the state acquired in 1792 to gain a harbor. Andrew Ellicott and William Irvine surveyed the town in 1795 on a site layered with earlier French, British, and American forts. Here in 1813 Oliver Hazard Perry assembled the fleet that would sail to victory in the Battle of Lake Erie.

Erie, PA · est. 1981

Erie County was carved from Allegheny County on March 12, 1800, taking its name from Lake Erie and, through it, from the Erie Indians who once lived along its shores. The county seat, laid out in 1795, grew into a bustling Great Lakes port and became a city in 1851. During the War of 1812, ships of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's fleet were built here before winning the decisive 1813 Battle of Lake Erie.

Sharpsville, PA

The Erie Extension Canal carried boats and cargo across northwestern Pennsylvania from 1840 to 1871, linking the Pittsburgh region toward the Great Lakes in the era before railroads reshaped American commerce. Its slack-water channels and locks floated the iron, coal, and goods that fed the growing furnaces of the Shenango and Mahoning valleys. Lock #10, a surviving guard lock at Sharpsville, is a rare physical remnant of that vanished waterway.

Hermitage, PA · est. 1946

For three decades before the railroads swallowed its traffic, the Erie Extension Canal carried boats, iron, and goods across western Pennsylvania between Pittsburgh and the Great Lakes. Opened around 1840, it was a lifeline for the region's early iron industry, floating raw materials and finished metal along a slender ribbon of engineered water. By 1871 the age of rails had made it obsolete, and today a single surviving lock at Sharpsville stands as its stone memorial.

West Salem Township, PA · est. 1947

In the canal-building fever of the early nineteenth century, Pennsylvania cut the Erie Extension to link its interior with Lake Erie. The Shenango Line, running from New Castle toward Conneaut Lake, formally opened to Greenville in August 1840. A private company ran the waterway from 1844 until 1870, but railroads soon made it obsolete and it closed in 1871—its channel still traceable across the landscape today.

Sadsbury Township, PA · est. 1948

This channel was part of the ambitious Erie Extension Canal, which in the 1840s stitched northwestern Pennsylvania into the era's booming inland-waterway network. Engineers raised Conneaut Lake nine feet above its natural level so it could feed water into the canal at its highest point, where the Shenango and Conneaut lines met. The whole system carried boats and cargo from 1844 until 1871, when railroads finally rendered it obsolete.

West Fallowfield Township, PA · est. 1948

To keep the Erie Extension Canal supplied with water, builders diked off part of the great Pymatuning Swamp with a three-mile bank, creating a 600-acre reservoir along the canal's western edge. The state began the work in 1838 and the Erie Canal Company finished it in 1843–44, an early exercise in the large-scale water management that canal engineering demanded. The reservoir was one link in a system that moved goods across northwestern Pennsylvania for nearly three decades.

Sadsbury Township, PA · est. 1948

Beside the later railroad, the faint bed of the Erie Extension Canal still traces where boats once floated through this corner of Crawford County. Nearby the Shenango Line running up from New Castle joined the Conneaut Line coming down from Erie, part of a waterway that tied Lake Erie to the Ohio country. In use from 1844 to 1871, the canal was eventually eclipsed by the very railroads that now run alongside its remains.

Platea, PA · est. 1948

The town now called Platea began life in 1839 as Lockport, named for the remarkable staircase of locks—28 of them packed into just two miles—that stepped canal boats down toward Erie and Lake Erie. The Erie Extension Canal carried traffic here from 1844 until 1871, when the railroad that replaced it was laid partly along the old channel. Traces of that abandoned waterway can still be seen beside the tracks.

Millcreek Township, PA · est. 1948

This stretch of the Erie Extension Canal was part of a system meant to connect New Castle with Erie and the Great Lakes. The Conneaut Line, running from Erie to Conneaut Lake, was begun by the state in 1838 but left unfinished until a private company led by Erie's R.S. Reed completed it in 1843–44. A surviving section of the canal still lies at the foot of the nearby slope.

West Salem Township, PA · est. 1948

From 1840 to 1871, the Erie Extension Canal carried boats and cargo between Pittsburgh and the Great Lakes, part of the ambitious canal-building era that briefly bound the young nation together by water. Mules towed freight along its towpaths until railroads made the slow waterway obsolete. Its old bed can still be traced through Clarksville and for several miles along the road toward Mercer.

Erie, PA · est. 2004

In 1818 a beacon rose over Presque Isle Bay at Erie—the first lighthouse to shine on the Great Lakes—guiding the ships that were beginning to knit the young nation's inland coast into a commercial highway. The unstable ground beneath it forced repeated rebuilding: a brick tower in 1858, and the sandstone tower of 1867 that was the third erected here. Its light marked the growth of Great Lakes shipping.

Hughestown, PA · est. 1997

Near this spot in 1934, Harry Tompkins was walking along the tracks when he was struck and badly hurt by a door swinging from a passing Erie Railroad train. His injury lawsuit climbed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which in 1938 issued one of the most cited decisions in American law: in disputes between citizens of different states, federal courts must apply state common law rather than an invented "general" federal common law. The ruling cost Tompkins his case but reshaped how the nation's courts operate.

Geistown, PA · est. 2014

In February 1837, brothers Patrick and Abraham escaped enslavement on a farm in Bath, Virginia, and fled north toward freedom as bounty hunters pursued and wounded them. In Pennsylvania both Black and white abolitionists came to their aid, including William Slick, whose farm near here was a regular stop on the Underground Railroad. Though the brothers were seized in Johnstown, they slipped away without trial or recapture.

Bedford, PA · est. 1951

This limestone house in the frontier town of Bedford dates to about 1771, but its brush with history came in October 1794, when President George Washington made it his headquarters. He had ridden west to review the militia army gathered to put down the Whiskey Rebellion, the tax revolt by western Pennsylvania farmers that became the first great test of federal authority under the new Constitution. Bedford, on the road across the Alleghenies, was the staging ground for that show of force.

Edgeworth, PA · est. 1948

Ethelbert Nevin, born nearby at the family estate of Vineacre in 1862, became one of America's most beloved composers of parlor music during the Gilded Age. His piano piece 'Narcissus' and the song 'The Rosary' were performed and sold across the country, staples of home music-making in an era before radio and recordings. He died young in 1901, having given late-nineteenth-century America some of its most cherished melodies.

Bethlehem, PA · est. 1997

Eugene Gifford Grace lived here while leading Bethlehem Steel to the height of its power. A protégé of Charles M. Schwab, he served as president from 1913 to 1945 and then as chairman, driving the company to become the nation's largest shipbuilder and second-largest steelmaker. Its mills and yards supplied the guns, ships, and steel that armed the United States through two world wars.

Pocopson Township, PA · est. 2011

Eusebius Barnard was a Chester County Quaker who took the radical path of the Progressive Friends, embracing temperance, women's equality, and the abolition of slavery. His farm became a station on the Underground Railroad, where he and his family sheltered freedom seekers and guided them toward the next safe house — dangerous work in the tense decades before the Civil War. He helped found the Longwood Progressive Meeting, a hub of reform in southeastern Pennsylvania.

Limestone Township, PA · est. 1947

In 1816, followers of the German-American preacher Jacob Albright — known as "Albright's People" — built the first church of what would become the Evangelical Association, in nearby New Berlin. It is remembered as the first Evangelical Church in the United States, the seed of a denomination that grew out of the Pennsylvania German revival movement. A monument now stands where that pioneering congregation raised its meetinghouse.

Mifflinburg, PA · est. 1947

This marker recalls the 1816 founding of the first church built by "Albright's People" in nearby New Berlin — the beginnings of the Evangelical Association. Named for Jacob Albright, the movement rose among the German-speaking settlers of central Pennsylvania and is honored as the first Evangelical Church in the United States. A monument marks the original site of the congregation's meetinghouse.

Harrisburg, PA · est. 1966

Across this street once stood Pennsylvania's second official Governor's residence, a private home acquired by the state in 1864 and reshaped over the decades by the many governors who lived there. Grand enough by the 1880s to be called "Keystone Hall," it served the Commonwealth's chief executives for 96 years before it was demolished in 1960.

Harrisburg, PA · est. 1970

Purchased by Pennsylvania in 1858, this Harrisburg site held the state's first official governor's residence during a pivotal stretch of the mid-nineteenth century. It sheltered only two chief executives—William Packer and, most notably, Andrew Curtin, the wartime governor who steered the commonwealth through the Civil War. The mansion was sold in 1864 once the state acquired a grander home known as "Keystone Hall."

Exeter Township, PA · est. 1979

Quakers established this Berks County meeting in 1725 as "Oley," renaming it Exeter in 1742, and raised the present stone meeting house in 1759 on the site of two earlier log structures. Among those buried in its ground are members of the Boone and Lincoln families—kin to the frontiersman Daniel Boone and to the ancestors of Abraham Lincoln. After closing in 1899, the meeting reopened for worship in 1949.

Philadelphia, PA

This is an old milestone — a roadside stone that once told travelers they had eight miles yet to go to reach Fairmount, the rise above the Schuylkill River that gave its name to Philadelphia's celebrated Water Works and Fairmount Park. In the era of turnpikes and toll roads radiating out of Philadelphia, such stones were the GPS of their day, spaced a mile apart to measure a journey by horse, stagecoach, or wagon. Weathered and easy to overlook, they mark the routes that carried farmers, merchants, and mail into one of early America's greatest cities.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1997

For nearly a century the Fairmount Water Works stood as the beating heart of Philadelphia's municipal water supply, drawing water from the Schuylkill River and lifting it to a hilltop reservoir from which gravity carried it into the growing city. Designed in an elegant neoclassical style by Frederick Graff and his son, the buildings deliberately dressed heavy industrial machinery in the clothing of a garden pavilion. Power evolved with the century — from Oliver Evans' pioneering high-pressure steam engine, to breast waterwheels, and finally to turbines.

Salem Township, PA · est. 2017

For much of the 20th century, segregation shut Black families out of America's amusement parks and swimming pools, even where no law required it. In 1945 the Monongahela Valley Sunday School Association bought this Westmoreland County ground to build a park where African Americans could gather freely — the first and only Black-owned amusement park in Pennsylvania. It became a rare place of leisure and dignity, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

New Hanover Township, PA · est. 2013

In the rolling farmland of colonial Pennsylvania, German immigrants fleeing the religious wars and hardships of the Palatinate built new lives — and new congregations. Falkner Swamp took root here in 1725, when the Rev. John Philip Boehm, the founding figure of German Reformed worship in America, led the community's first Communion. The stone meetinghouse standing since 1790 has watched over generations of the same faithful, making it the oldest continuously active German Reformed congregation in the country.

Chambersburg, PA · est. 1948

In the 1730s, waves of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians pushed west of the Susquehanna into the Cumberland Valley, carrying their faith and their meetinghouses with them. Falling Spring's congregation dates to 1734, and the stone sanctuary standing today rose in 1803 as the community matured from frontier outpost into settled town. Presbyterian churches like this one anchored the earliest permanent European settlement of the Pennsylvania backcountry.

Stewart Township, PA · est. 1994

In 1936, architect Frank Lloyd Wright perched this house directly over a Bear Run waterfall as a weekend retreat for Pittsburgh merchant Edgar J. Kaufmann. Its bold cantilevered terraces seem to float above the falling water, embodying Wright's belief that a building should grow from and belong to its natural setting. In 1963 the Kaufmann family gave Fallingwater to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, opening it to the public.

Stewart Township, PA · est. 2000

With this marker the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission named Fallingwater a Commonwealth Treasure, singling it out for protection and preservation. Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in the mid-1930s for the Kaufmann family of Pittsburgh, the house famously cantilevers over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Laurel Highlands. It is widely regarded as one of the masterworks of American architecture.

Thornbury Township, PA · est. 1986

Born into slavery, Fanny Jackson Coppin bought her way toward freedom and learning, graduating from Oberlin College in 1865. For more than three decades she led the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia, pioneering industrial arts and formal teacher training for Black students. The school she guided endured and grew, becoming today's Cheyney University.

Arnold, PA

Fannie Sellins organized for the United Mine Workers and became a rallying figure for labor in Western Pennsylvania's coal and steel country. On August 26, 1919, on the eve of a nationwide steel strike, she was gunned down in Brackenridge; a miner named Joseph Starzelski was killed the same day. The two lie buried together here in Union Cemetery, where a monument honors them.

Middlesex Township, PA · est. 1929

On the morning of June 28, 1863, Confederate cavalry probing the Cumberland Valley reached this farm — the farthest north any organized body of Robert E. Lee's army would advance. Learning that Union troops held nearby Sterrett's Gap, the outpost turned back toward the main force at Carlisle. Within days Lee concentrated his army eastward, and the campaign turned toward the fields of Gettysburg.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1994

During the Depression, the Rev. Major J. Divine built a religious and economic movement that fed and housed thousands through his Cooperative Economic Plan, selling life's necessities at pennies on the dollar. In 1948 he acquired the grand Divine Lorraine Hotel, built in 1894, and opened it as one of the first fully racially integrated luxury hotels in the United States — a bold act years before the civil-rights movement's legal victories.

Shenandoah, PA

This Shenandoah site marks the birthplace and boyhood home of Father Walter J. Ciszek, born here in 1904 to Polish immigrants in the heart of Pennsylvania's anthracite country. He became a Jesuit priest and spent roughly two decades imprisoned in the Soviet Union, much of it in Siberian labor camps, before returning to the United States. His later writings on faith and endurance made him a candidate for sainthood.

Uniontown, PA · est. 1982

Formed from Westmoreland County in 1783, Fayette County honors the Marquis de Lafayette, the French nobleman who fought for American independence. Its rolling ground holds Fort Necessity, where a young George Washington fought an early engagement of the French and Indian War in 1754. Later the county's seat, Uniontown, incorporated in 1796, sat astride the National Road, the young republic's great federally built highway west that became U.S. Route 40.

Media, PA · est. 2021

On the night of March 8, 1971, a small group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI slipped into the bureau's Media field office and carried off its files. Among the stolen documents was proof of COINTELPRO, the FBI's secret program to surveil, infiltrate, and disrupt domestic political groups. The revelations, published in the press, forced the government's covert spying into public view.

Reading, PA · est. 1951

The Federal Inn, built around 1754, once stood on this Reading site and welcomed a famous guest in October 1794: President George Washington, traveling with a military escort. He was on his way west to muster the armed force that would suppress the Whiskey Rebellion, the farmers' tax revolt that tested whether the new federal government could enforce its laws.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1990

Founded in 1849 as Congregation Mikveh Israel's second cemetery, the Federal Street Burial Ground holds some of the most notable figures of nineteenth-century American Jewish life. Among them are the publisher Abraham Hart, the soldier and engineer Alfred Mordecai, the rabbi and educator Sabato Morais, and jurist Mayer Sulzberger, along with veterans of the Civil War. The ground is a quiet record of a Jewish community deeply woven into Philadelphia's civic, military, and intellectual life.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1996

Founded in 1850, this was the first degree-granting medical school for women anywhere in the nation, opening the profession of medicine to a sex long barred from it. Under Dean Ann Preston it was renamed the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania and trained generations of pioneering physicians. It went coeducational in 1969 and evolved through later mergers into a modern medical institution.

Fairfield, PA · est. 1951

On July 3, 1863—the climactic day of the Gettysburg campaign—Union and Confederate cavalry clashed just two miles north of here in the sharp fight at Fairfield. Afterward this church building became a field hospital, its pews and floor given over to the wounded of both the 6th U.S. Cavalry and the 6th Virginia Cavalry, C.S.A. In the aftermath of battle, sanctuaries like this one became places where the war's cost was measured in shattered bodies from both sides.

Chester, PA · est. 1955

In 1653 Queen Christina of Sweden granted a tract along the Delaware River, from Marcus Hook to the Chester River, to Captain Hans Ammundson Besk, a native of Finland. Called "Finland," it marked the site of the first Finnish settlement in America, part of the short-lived New Sweden colony along the Delaware. Finnish and Swedish colonists here helped introduce the log cabin to the New World.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1992

Founded in 1809, the First African Baptist Church was among the earliest Black Baptist congregations in America, born in an era when free and enslaved African Americans built their own institutions of faith and community. In an act of extraordinary devotion, two members are said to have sold themselves into slavery to free an enslaved man to serve as their pastor. The present building, erected in 1906, marks a later site of this long-lived congregation.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2017

Founded in 1809, First African Baptist Church is among the earliest Black Baptist congregations in America and the oldest in Pennsylvania. In 1832 two of its members, John and Samuel Bivins, sold themselves into slavery to purchase the freedom of an enslaved man, James Burroughs, so he could serve as pastor; a year later Burroughs repaid the owner and the Bivinses were freed. The congregation helped establish the Downingtown Industrial School and many area churches, and Booker T. Washington spoke at its centennial.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1992

This site held the cemetery that served the First African Baptist Church congregation from 1824 to 1842. Archaeological excavations in the 1980s uncovered burial practices that revealed enduring links to ancient African customs carried across the Atlantic. The remains were respectfully re-interred at Eden Cemetery in Delaware County, one of the oldest Black-owned cemeteries in the nation.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1993

Founded in 1807 by John Cloucester, a formerly enslaved man, the First African Presbyterian Church became a cornerstone of Presbyterianism among African Americans. Its first edifice was dedicated in 1811 at 7th and Bainbridge Streets, in the heart of early Philadelphia's free Black community. The congregation has worshiped at this location since 1957, carrying a legacy now more than two centuries old.

Mayfield, PA · est. 1947

In the anthracite coalfields of northeastern Pennsylvania, where cave-ins, explosions, and machinery routinely maimed miners far from any hospital, Dr. Matthew J. Shields began teaching mine workers to treat their own wounded in 1899. His system of training laborers in emergency care took root in one of America's most dangerous industries and grew into the Red Cross program of industrial first aid, spreading the idea that workers themselves could be a workplace's first line of medical defense.

Ross Township, PA · est. 1998

On a hill just west of here in 1930, a band of Pittsburgh amateur astronomers led by Leo J. Scanlon raised the first known observatory dome made of aluminum, beside Scanlon's own home. Their Valley View Observatory proved that the lightweight metal — newly cheap thanks to nearby aluminum pioneers — made an ideal, weatherproof dome. In the years that followed, observatories the world over adopted the shiny metal dome that became the very image of modern astronomy.

Philadelphia, PA

On Christmas Day 1723, a small band of German immigrants gathered at the water's edge in Germantown and performed the first American baptisms of the Church of the Brethren, a pietist movement born in Schwarzenau, Germany, in 1708. Fleeing religious persecution in the Old World, these settlers had found in Pennsylvania the freedom to practice their faith — including their signature rite of full-immersion adult baptism. That winter service planted one of the earliest peace-church congregations in the American colonies.

Johnstown, PA · est. 1997

In 1873, workers at a Johnstown tannery gathered in a loft to form a congregation of their own, part of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church that had grown out of Black Americans' determination to worship free of discrimination. Organized formally the next year, the church soon moved to this site. When the catastrophic Johnstown Flood tore through the valley in 1889, the building was swept from its foundation, yet the congregation rebuilt and endured.

Whitehall, PA · est. 1947

At Coplay in 1871, David O. Saylor produced the first portland cement made in the United States, freeing American builders from reliance on imported European product. Less than two decades later, in November 1889, the same locale saw the first commercial use of the rotary kiln — a breakthrough that let cement be manufactured continuously and at scale. These innovations turned the Lehigh Valley into the heart of the young nation's cement industry.

Scranton, PA · est. 1948

On November 30, 1886, Scranton launched what is celebrated as the first street railway system in the United States built entirely for electric operation, running between the city center and the Green Ridge section. In an age when most urban transit still relied on horses, this was a bold leap into a new technology. The achievement earned Scranton its enduring nickname, the Electric City.

Chester, PA · est. 1997

Seven years before William Penn set foot in his new colony, Quakers gathered here in 1675 for what is remembered as the first recorded meeting of Friends within present-day Pennsylvania. The host was a settler whose home became a landmark of the young community, and who would later welcome Penn himself when the proprietor arrived at Chester in 1682. These early meetings planted the seeds of the Quaker faith that would shape Pennsylvania's founding ideals.