Historic Markers in Texas

McMullen County, TX

On September 28, 1870, the Thomas Stringfield family was overtaken in their wagon by raiders striking north from Mexico. Thomas and his wife Sarah Jane were killed, as was young Adolphus, while four-year-old Thomas vanished without a trace. Eight-year-old Ida Alice fought her captors, was speared and trampled and left for dead — yet she survived, rescued and living on until 1937.

San Marcos, TX

John Drayton Pitts, a civil engineer and Georgia legislator, visited Texas in 1842 and later bought 640 acres near San Marcos from General Edward Burleson, land the general had gained after the Battle of San Jacinto. The colony Pitts founded in 1847 drew family and friends who built farmhouses strung at half-mile intervals along the Austin–San Antonio Road, earning the settlement the name Stringtown. Its "model farms" survived early drought, and after emancipation crops were shared with former slaves given land, while Mexican farmers arrived to work the fields and enrich the area's culture.

Newton vicinity, TX

Built in 1908, this one-room wood-frame schoolhouse served the Stringtown community for nearly 40 years, funded when resident Joe S. Griggs hired John Pepper to construct it out of his own pocket. A small addition once housed the teacher overnight, and until 1940 the building doubled as a Primitive Baptist meeting place. After Stringtown consolidated with Newton schools in 1943, the schoolhouse became a gathering spot for community reunions.

Crockett, TX

This log cabin was raised in the 1850s on the Jeremiah Strode League, most likely by his son-in-law B. R. Wallace, a Texas legislator, or by a Wallace cousin. Over the years later additions swallowed the original structure until, by 1950, no trace of the logs was visible and the building served merely as hay storage. Rediscovered in 1973, the cabin was donated, moved, and restored as part of the American Bicentennial and Houston County's birthday celebrations.

Henderson, TX

Set in the rolling farmland of East Texas, this burial ground grew out of the family and community of John Strong, a Georgia-born pioneer who helped lead the nearby Church Hill settlement in the decades before the Civil War. The earliest graves date to the early 1850s, and in 1877 Strong's widow Mary formally set aside three acres for a cemetery. Tellingly, its north section was first used to bury enslaved people, a quiet record of the plantation-era society that shaped the region.

Tolar, TX

The Stroud Creek community grew up in western Hood County during the late 1870s and early 1880s, drawn by land grants, a nearby stagecoach line, and the end of Native American raids that had long deterred settlement. Burials began on Benjamin Irby's land in 1883 and the ground later served the town of Tolar, gathering community leaders, merchants, educators, farmers, and veterans beneath curbed plots, fraternal emblems, and upright stones.

Devine, TX

In 1903 Joe Stroud arrived in Devine from nearby Bigfoot and set up a blacksmith shop, plying the trade he had learned from his father. He earned a wide reputation across the Southwest for his branding irons and his skill as a farrier, and he kept working the forge until shortly before his death in 1966. Remarkably, the craft carried on at the same anvil under a later member of the Stroud family.

Oakland, TX

Built around 1875, this house is an example of the early Texas open-hall or breezeway style, with a central passage designed to catch the breeze in the days before mechanical cooling. It was the home of John Monroe Woolsey while he served in the 20th Legislature representing Colorado County. The dogtrot form ties it to the practical building traditions settlers carried into the state.

Abernathy, TX

Fritz W. Struve arrived in the young town of Abernathy in 1912, just three years after its founding, and opened a grocery; his brother Ben joined him in 1918. Over the following decades the Struves ran an interlocking web of enterprises—grocery, hardware, implements, dry goods, a tin shop, and a cheese factory that turned out some 1,800 pounds a day, an unusual venture for the region. Fritz also served as Abernathy's first mayor, elected in 1924.

Marble Falls, TX

Amand von Struve came to Texas in 1848 with his father, a former Imperial Russian officer, and set about building a vast ranch that eventually spread over 8,000 acres of horses, cattle, and sheep. In 1869 he added this stone spring house and kitchen to his wooden dwelling, its thick walls meant to guard food and water from raids and wild animals alike. He married in 1871 and raised eight children; long after the main house was razed, this stone annex was restored to survive.

Austin, TX

After 23 years leading Live Oak Female Seminary, educator Rebecca K. Stuart Red founded her own school here in 1875, opening the Stuart Female Seminary in a two-story stone building in early 1876 with a distinguished board that included Ashbel Smith. Her daughter 'Miss Lel' Red carried on after Rebecca's death in 1886, running the school until 1899, when the family deeded the site to the Presbyterian Synod of Texas. In 1902 it became the birthplace of Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary.

Liberty Hill, TX

Raised in 1871 from hand-cut native limestone, this is perhaps the oldest surviving building in Liberty Hill. It was built by S.P. Stubblefield, an Alabama native and Mexican War veteran, and stayed in his family until 1907, its ground floor holding shops and its upper floor serving as living quarters. Sculptor Mel Fowler bought and restored the structure in 1973.

Kennard, TX

Civil War veteran Wyatt M. Stubblefield bought land here in 1872, and the community took his name. Around the same time the New Ivie Missionary Baptist Church—rooted in the older Ivie Board congregation—began meeting in the local schoolhouse before building its own sanctuary, which twice burned before a third rose in 1926. Through Depression-era hardship, members grew cotton and saved butter-and-egg money to fund their preacher and missions, and though regular services ended in the 1950s, descendants still gather each May for the Stubblefield homecoming.

Rockland, TX

When brothers John and William Sturrock left Scotland in 1830 with their siblings, they carried old-country burial customs to the banks of the Neches River in East Texas. William built a mill complex—gristmill, sawmill, and cotton gin—and set aside land for the family cemetery, where his first wife Cynthia was laid to rest in 1853, the earliest documented grave. Distinctive Scottish house tombs and false crypts mark generations of Sturrocks and their neighbors, among them children, Civil War and World War I veterans, and an enslaved man who died in 1864. Descendants still maintain the graves in their traditional east-west alignment.

Hallettsville, TX

Sublime Baptist Church traces its worship to 1853 at a spot called "tick hill" near Geiger Cemetery, where a traveling circuit rider preached whenever he could reach the area and lodged with deacon J.R. Brooks. The congregation formally organized in 1878, and in 1887 town founder Robert Miller donated land for a frame church raised by 1905. Summer brush-arbor and tent revivals gave way to a new auditorium in 1954, and the buildings still host reunions, weddings, and community gatherings.

Rocksprings, TX

When a severe drought and poisonous plants ravaged Edwards Plateau flocks in 1914, ranchers and the new Texas Sheep and Goat Raisers Association pushed for a scientific solution. The Texas Legislature funded Substation No. 14 under Texas A&M, and local citizens raised money to buy more than 3,400 acres between Rocksprings and Sonora. Opening in 1916, the station tackled everything from plant research and animal vaccines to range conservation and prescribed fire.

Beckville, TX

Settlement here reaches back to Elijah Wyatt, who came to Texas in 1838 and is thought to lie in this ground, though the earliest marked grave belongs to a man who died in 1861. Set aside alongside a meeting house in the 1850s, the plot grew into a community cemetery holding scores of marked and unmarked graves. Its rows include veterans of both the Civil War and World War II, spanning a century of local life.

Sugar Land, TX

Founded in 1853 and named for the sugar mill and plantation that B. F. Terry and W. J. Kyle bought with fortunes made in the California Gold Rush, Sugar Land grew into the home of Texas's only cane sugar refinery. Its founders raised Terry's Texas Rangers, one of the Confederacy's famed cavalry units, at the start of the Civil War. In later years the surrounding land became known for its prison farms.

Sugar Land, TX

Built in 1917 and designed in the Mission Revival style by Imperial Sugar Company engineer M. R. Wood, this auditorium anchored a crescent-shaped, eleven-building school complex and is the oldest public building still in use in Sugar Land. Over the decades it hosted films, stage shows, rooftop socials, and graduations, and once held the school superintendent's office and a janitor's apartment. It became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1992.

Sugar Land, TX

Methodist worship began informally in Sugar Land around 1910, and in 1918 the Imperial Sugar Company donated Church Park so the town's Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, and Catholic congregations could each build a house of worship. The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was formally organized here in 1919, its first frame sanctuary graced by a stained-glass "Jesus Praying in the Garden" window that has been carried into every sanctuary since. As membership grew, the congregation moved and rebuilt across the decades, culminating in a 936-seat brick sanctuary in 1999. The church's long life mirrors the growth of a sugar company town into a modern Houston-area city.

Sugar Land, TX

A public school opened as early as 1912 for families drawn to the company town of Sugar Land, and in 1918 the State Legislature chartered Sugar Land Independent School District No. 17—notably requiring that at least two of its seven board members be women. Mary Anna Collins Woods became the first superintendent, and company engineer M.R. Wood designed the school and led the board. In 1959 the district merged with Missouri City and Stafford to form the Fort Bend ISD.

Gause, TX

Rising red-capped near where the Little and Brazos Rivers meet, Sugarloaf Mountain overlooked Rancheria Grande de los Ervipiame, a village that gathered the remnants of some twenty-two Native nations under the dominant Ervipiame. The landmark guided travelers along ancient Indian trails that became part of El Camino Real, the King's Highway, and it remains bound up with the Tonkawa, many of whom regard the mountain as the place of their people's origin — even as an 1866 promise of land here came only after the Tonkawa had already been forced toward Oklahoma.

Hearne, TX

Calvin A. Suggs brought his family from Georgia to this stretch of Robertson County around 1868, in the uncertain first years after emancipation, and set aside part of his eighty acres as a burying ground. For more than a century it has been the principal cemetery of the Black Jack community, its oldest marked grave dating to 1880. Beneath its marked and unmarked stones lie the pioneer settlers — many of them African American — who built a rural community out of Reconstruction-era Texas.

Shiner, TX

In the summer of 1930, landowner Jake Kurtz set aside four acres beside the newly paved State Highway 95 to build a huge concrete swimming pool fed by a sulphur-laced mineral well. Excavated with horse- and mule-drawn scrapers, the 120-foot pool opened on "Splash Day" that August with barbecue, a turkey shoot, a baseball tournament, and live music before hundreds of visitors. For over sixty years Sulphur Park—with its dance floor, ball field, and picnic grounds—was a beloved country oasis for the Shiner and Moulton communities.

Sulphur Springs, TX

Chartered in 1890 by a circle of local business leaders, this savings and building association arrived just as the railroad was quickening growth across Hopkins County. By lending for homes, farms, and businesses in town and countryside alike, it helped finance the community's expansion, and many area enterprises trace their beginnings to its early loans. Recognized as the oldest surviving savings association in Texas, it long paired its financial role with support for local charities and civic groups.

Mount Enterprise, TX

Tradition traces Sulphur Springs Missionary Baptist Church to 1890, when residents of this rural Rusk County community first gathered in the local schoolhouse near the springs that gave the place its name. Early in the 20th century the growing congregation moved to this site and raised a frame sanctuary, adding facilities over the following decades. Its members went on to support other congregations through mission-building work.

Sulphur Springs, TX

Soon after Sulphur Springs incorporated in 1870, volunteer firefighters organized a bucket brigade and hand-drawn equipment to battle blazes, until the city bought a steam fire engine in 1888. To summon the volunteers, this 500-pound brass bell was purchased in 1889 and hung in the engine house tower, ringing out alarms until a siren replaced it in the 1930s. Professionals joined the force in the 1940s, but volunteers still turn out for major fires.

Longview, TX

Built in 1869 on land given by Parson B.W. Brown, a founder of Gregg County, Summerfield Methodist Church took its name from an Alabama congregation the Brown family had left behind. It became the last surviving trace of the vanished pioneer settlement of Summerfield, anchoring its community through generations of rebuilding. The congregation organized one of the area's first official women's church societies in 1937.

Dimmitt, TX

In 1876 the English-born surveyor John Summerfield began mapping millions of acres across the Texas Panhandle, raising earth monuments to anchor his work. One such marker near this spot became a starting point for surveys spanning several counties and later gained the name Dameron's Corner after a nearby landowner. Citizens set a concrete monument here in 1925, though a road cut buried it in 1958.

Belton vicinity, TX

Built in 1866, just after the Civil War, Summers' Mill ground corn into bread meal for the surrounding Bell County settlers. Some of its machinery came the hard way — hauled by ox-team all the way from Houston. As neighbors brought their grain to be milled, the site became a natural center around which a small community grew.

Fredericksburg, TX

German settlers who farmed the distant countryside around Fredericksburg needed a foothold in town, so they built these compact "Sunday Houses" — a single room with a lean-to kitchen and a half-story loft reached by an outside stair. Families used them on weekends when they came to trade or worship, and during school terms, religious instruction, or illness. Built from the 1890s into the 1920s, most were frame, a few of rock, and some later became snug retirement homes for aging German farmers.

Montgomery, TX

Sawmill worker George J. Sunday and his wife Aletha built this board-and-batten home in the 1890s on land his father had purchased in 1870. In 1906 Alabama native Will Moore and his wife Mary bought it and farmed the place into the late 1920s. With its dog-trot hallway, the modest house typifies the dwellings of small landowners and Depression-era sharecroppers.

Livingston, TX

In 1882 seven families in this corner of Polk County gathered in the local one-room schoolhouse to organize a church, naming it for the wild sunflowers that grew nearby. They raised their first sanctuary in 1905, the same year they joined with the neighboring Lone Oak congregation, and expanded their meeting houses as the community grew. The church has anchored this rural neighborhood ever since.

Port Lavaca, TX

As Calhoun County schools desegregated in 1955, educator Naomi B. Chase watched Black students from the all-Black Alice O. Wilkins School navigate wrenching change. In 1960 she founded the Sunlight Girls Club in her garage to guide them, teaching everything from music and typing to leadership and the value of finishing school. Over four decades some 312 girls passed through the club, which offered scholarships and, from 1964, even its own community-donated band.

Colmesneil, TX

Organized on April 22, 1882, by the pioneer families of the prosperous Sunny Dell farming settlement, this church began with fourteen charter members under the Rev. Arnold Rhodes, on land donated by James Sturrock. For many years it was a leading congregation in early Tyler County, but as the surrounding population thinned the church declined and discontinued regular services in 1955. Descendants still gather here each year for a homecoming.

Cumby, TX

A.J. Weathers deeded this Hopkins County land for a cemetery and school in 1881, and the first known burial — Mary W. Brasher — followed the next year. Several generations of founding families rest here alongside veterans of American conflicts reaching back to the Civil War, while the nearby Sunny Point School served the community until it consolidated into the Cumby district. A cemetery association still gathers each May in a tradition decades old.

Kerrville, TX

The oldest marked graves in Sunset Cemetery belong to four Dowdy children killed in an 1878 Indian raid soon after their family reached the Texas Hill Country from Goliad. Nearby lie four Byas children lost to an 1880s typhoid epidemic and pioneers like H. L. Nelson, who founded the Mountain Home post office. Assembled over decades from several landowners, the cemetery preserves the hardships of frontier Kerr County.

Munday, TX

Across rural Knox County, tiny one-district schools sprang up between 1891 and 1923 to serve scattered farm families. When Texas passed a rural aid law in 1929 to fund consolidation, four of these districts—Gillespie, League, Prairie View and Jungman—merged and built a high school here in 1930, eventually serving more than 400 students. The consolidated district lasted until 1951, when it joined the Munday Independent School District.

El Paso, TX

Laid out beginning in 1884 as Satterthwaite's Addition and renamed in a newspaper contest, El Paso's Sunset Heights was among the country's earliest planned residential subdivisions. An electric trolley ran from its diamond-shaped central park into downtown, and the elite neighborhood's brick homes—many designed by noted architect Henry C. Trost—looked out over the Rio Grande and Mexico. It drew a strikingly diverse population, including wealthy Mexican émigrés, prominent Anglos, and many Jewish families.

Dallas, TX

Opened in 1925 to serve Dallas's Oak Cliff, Sunset High School rose from the drafting tables of noted Texas architects in a district that gave the school its name. Built for two thousand students, it grew across the century with New Deal-era library murals of Texas settlement, championship teams, and a celebrated orchestra and band. Plaques near its entry honor students and faculty lost in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam.

Corpus Christi, TX

From the late 1800s into the 1940s, the farming and ranching settlement of Sunshine—also called Encinal—thrived on this land now within Corpus Christi, with a school, a shared Union Church, and a post office. Congregations of several denominations took turns holding Sunday services, and the school ran until 1942. Today the cemetery and post office are the only physical traces left, its tombstones—Parry, Haney, and others—preserving the names of the Welsh, English, and American families who settled here.

San Antonio, TX

In 1905 Willie Maverick gave 173 acres along Babcock Road to family members who named the place Sunshine Ranch and built a hilltop home designed by architect Alfred Giles. Their son Jim Maverick opened the Sunshine Dairy in 1917, selling "certified" milk prized for its cleanliness and supplying creameries, delivery routes, and department-store restaurants across San Antonio. The city annexed the land in 1955, and the ranch was sold off and redeveloped as a subdivision.

San Antonio, TX

After Texas seceded in early 1861, the state moved to expel some 2,600 federal troops. Frontier fighter Ben McCulloch led 400 volunteers into San Antonio, and on the night of February 15 slipped men into Alamo Plaza to train guns on the federal garrison while hundreds more entered the city. Under mounting pressure, aging Gen. David E. Twiggs surrendered on February 18, handing over more than $3 million in ordnance, wagons, supplies, and a chain of frontier forts—an act that brought him dismissal for treachery, even as he had repeatedly and vainly begged Washington for orders.

Lockhart, TX

On this Lockhart lot once stood the home of Susanna Dickinson, one of the few survivors of the Battle of the Alamo on March 6, 1836. Sent out from the fallen mission with her infant daughter Angelina, she carried the news of the garrison's destruction to Gen. Sam Houston — a warning that helped steel the Texian army for San Jacinto. Widowed at the Alamo, she later settled here, married cabinetmaker Joseph Hannig, and eventually moved to Austin.

Austin, TX

Susanna Dickinson and her family settled in Gonzales as members of DeWitt's Colony around 1835. She was inside the Alamo with her infant daughter Angelina when it fell in March 1836, witnessing the deaths of her husband Almaron and the other defenders. Spared by Santa Anna, she carried word of the disaster to Sam Houston, then lived out her years in Austin until her death in 1883.

Sutherland Spring, TX

Founded in 1848 by Dr. John Sutherland — the Alamo courier whom William B. Travis sent out for reinforcements in 1836 — Sutherland Springs became one of southwest Texas's premier health resorts, drawing visitors to more than 100 hot and cold mineral springs long used for their curative waters. A stagecoach stop on the Old San Antonio Road, it served as the first seat of Wilson County in 1860 before politics moved the county seat away. A later resort boom at "New Sutherland Springs" collapsed after devastating floods in 1913 left it a ghost town.

Sutherland Springs, TX

Dr. John Sutherland, a Virginia-born physician, came to Texas in 1835 and was helping ready the Alamo's defense when a horse accident left him unable to fight; Col. Travis instead sent him riding to Gonzales for help, and the Mexican army stormed the fort before aid could come. Sutherland later settled near the sulphur springs on the Cibolo, boarding health-seekers in his home, which became a stop on the San Antonio–to–coast stage line. He set aside about five acres as a community cemetery in 1860, and the ground now holds Texas Rangers, veterans, officials, and residents of every background who built Wilson County.

Sutherland Springs, TX

Founded in the 1850s by Dr. John Sutherland and Joseph H. Polley, the Sutherland Springs community soon needed a school in an era when Texas public education was sparse and unevenly funded. Sutherland built a rock schoolhouse on the Cibolo in 1857, and by 1877 a male and female academy was operating there; the district incorporated in 1934 and raised new buildings before a 1947 fire destroyed the school just before Christmas. After the fire students finished the year in the Baptist church, and the district consolidated with Floresville in 1948.

La Vernia, TX

After the Civil War, brothers Isaac and George Washington Suttles left Zanesville, Ohio—a noted pottery region—for Texas, where they turned the sandy clay near La Vernia into bricks and salt-glazed stoneware. An 1877 newspaper praised their craftsmanship and the strong local demand for their wares, and around 1882 they moved their kiln into town near this site. Isaac was killed in Abilene in 1884, but George kept the pottery running for years, and archaeology of the kiln, waster piles, and glazing techniques still illuminates the trade.

Sonora, TX

The land that became Sutton County holds signs of human presence stretching back many thousands of years and was home to Apache people up to the founding of Fort Terrett in 1852. Anglo-Texan settlement began at Sonora in 1879 around a trading post on the San Antonio–El Paso road, and the county was created in 1887 and organized in 1890. It honors John S. Sutton, a Santa Fe Expedition member, Texas Ranger, and soldier who died of wounds from the Battle of Val Verde.

Sonora, TX

The site of the Sutton County Courthouse began as something more elemental than government: the first water well in the area, where sheepmen brought their flocks to drink and decided to settle. That same scarce water bred violence — a deadly quarrel over watering rights left one West Texas family patriarch dead on the very ground where the courthouse would rise. The story compresses the ranching frontier's hard bargains into a single contested spot.

Sonora, TX

Soon after Sutton County organized in 1890, its commissioners hired a St. Louis firm to erect this jail, completed in September 1891 as a two-story native-stone building that combined cells with a jailer's residence. Its first inmate was gambler and gunman John Denson, a cousin of the notorious outlaw John Wesley Hardin — a fitting christening for a frontier lockup. The sturdy stone structure embodies the arrival of formal law in a raw ranching county.

Palestine, TX

This burial ground began around 1847 with the grave of brickmaker Samuel Warden—reportedly marked only with bricks of his own making—on land granted to Illinois-born Micam Main in 1835. After Virginia native "Colonel" Henry Clay Swanson bought the surrounding land in 1854, he, his brother, and the enslaved and later freed African Americans of their farms were buried here, along with Black residents from across Anderson County. Descendants of the enslaved held funerals on the site from 1872 into the early 1950s, leaving some thirty-six marked and roughly twenty-three unmarked graves.

Jonesville, TX

Founded by civil engineer and planter Peter Swanson, Swanson's Landing was a bustling Caddo Lake port from the 1830s to the 1860s, shipping cotton and pelts toward New Orleans and receiving settlers' goods in return. In the 1850s it anchored the first railroad in East Texas, a line built to Marshall and rerouted during the Civil War to move Confederate troops toward Louisiana. The port's story darkened in 1869 when the steamer Mittie Stephens burned nearby with the loss of 69 lives.

Austin, TX

Swante Palm left the Swedish province of Småland for Texas in 1844, drawn by his nephew Swen Magnus Swenson, and became a leader of Swedish immigration to the state. Settling in Austin by 1850, he held offices from justice of the peace to postmaster and, as vice consul for Sweden and Norway, helped bring thousands of Swedish immigrants to Texas. Knighted by King Oscar II in 1884, this devoted bibliophile donated a library to the University of Texas in 1897 that grew its holdings by more than sixty percent.

Austin, TX

Swedish immigration to Texas began in 1838 with the arrival of Swen Magnus, who settled on the gulf coast before moving to Austin and establishing a ranch he named Govalle, or "good grazing land." With his uncle Svante Palm, he actively promoted Swedish immigration, and by 1910 some 7,000 Swedes had built farms, businesses, and churches, concentrated in eastern Travis and Williamson counties. They founded colleges, a mutual aid society, a Swedish-language newspaper, and carried on festivals like St. Lucia and Midsummer.

Austin, TX

Organized in 1873 by the Rev. Carl Charnquist, Austin's Swedish Methodist congregation first built a sanctuary near Red River and 15th Street, then moved in 1898 into buildings left by the disbanded Central Methodist Church, adopting 'Central' into its own name. Sitting across from the Capitol grounds, its property was sold in 1956 for state office expansion, and the renamed Memorial Methodist Church relocated to northeast Austin.

Austin, TX

Swante Palm, a Swedish immigrant who served as vice consul to Texas for Sweden and Norway from 1866 until his death, built a small house in Austin in the 1850s that doubled as consulate and library. From here he aided arriving Swedish immigrants while amassing an enormous personal book collection, enlarging the house to hold it. In 1897 he gave his 10,000 volumes to the University of Texas, expanding its holdings by more than sixty percent.

Melvin, TX

Swedish immigrants settled western McCulloch County beginning in 1907, gathering first in homes for Sunday school and worship before formally organizing a congregation in 1910 with fifteen charter members. A Ladies Aid Society followed in 1911, and a church building was finished by 1913. Services were held in Swedish until the 1940s, when the congregation adopted English and the name Evangelical Free Church.

Austin, TX

Beginning in the 1870s, Swedish immigrants built homes near their downtown Austin businesses on a rise that became known as Svenska Kullen, or Swedish Hill. A Swedish Methodist congregation and other Swedish churches took root in the neighborhood, which was later cut through by the interstate highway. Historic houses still stand in the section east of the freeway, and the neighborhood was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.