Transportation

Lawrence County, KY

This site became the railhead of the Eastern Kentucky Railway in 1889 when track from Willard completed a 36-mile line running from Riverton. The extension was built chiefly to carry out the forest products of the region, and a gasoline-powered car nicknamed the "Blue Goose" made two daily runs to Grayson. The line struggled financially and finally ended in bankruptcy in 1933.

Gloucester, MA

For more than three decades this bronze bell tolled through the fog at Eastern Point Light, warning mariners off the rocks at the entrance to Gloucester Harbor from 1933 until 1969. Cast in nearby Chelsea, Massachusetts, it was made with gold dust sprinkled into the mold to give it a truer tone. When electronic signals replaced it, the bell was preserved as a memento of the age of manned lighthouses.

Eastland, TX

Eastland County was created in 1858 but sat so thinly settled that it was not organized until 1873, and its county seat bounced between Merriman, the new town of Eastland, and rival Cisco through a string of hard-fought elections. The Texas & Pacific Railway's arrival in 1880 spurred growth, and the oil and gas booms of the 1910s and 1920s bankrolled a grand Art Deco courthouse, opened in 1928 with carved eagles, shields, and a central tower. The building also gained fame as the home of "Old Rip," a horned toad legend said to have survived sealed in the previous courthouse cornerstone.

Easton, PA · est. 1947

Set where the Lehigh joins the Delaware, Easton grew at the ancient Forks of the Delaware, long a meeting ground before Europeans arrived. Surveyor William Parsons laid out the town in 1752 for the Penn family, and its councils drew colonial officials and Native delegations to negotiate the uneasy terms of frontier life. In the following century it became home to Lafayette College, cementing its place as a hub of travel, trade, and learning.

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2008

When it rose in the 1850s, the Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion was a showpiece of Victorian taste—Gothic points and a Second Empire mansard roof announcing the fashions of a prosperous new age. It stood in the Tulpehocken Station district, one of the country's earliest railroad suburbs, where trains let city dwellers build homes beyond Philadelphia's crowded core. A grassroots preservation effort in the 1950s and 60s saved the house just as Americans were beginning to value Victorian architecture.

Lagarto, TX

Perched above the Nueces River at a spot called "Mount Echo," this site on empresario James McGloin's old grant became a vital link on the road between San Antonio and Corpus Christi. Irish-born settlers John Bernard and Margaret Mary Murphy built a two-story ranch house here in the 1850s, and a nearby building served as a stagecoach station and housed the Echo Post Office from 1858 to 1879. Later Margaret Mary Murphy, founder of the Sisters of the Holy Ghost, turned the old depot into a chapel and retreat before it was finally leveled by Hurricane Celia in 1970.

Ector, TX

This Masonic lodge began in 1887 when Masons in Ravenna petitioned the Grand Lodge of Texas for a charter, then followed opportunity to the new railroad town of Ector in 1889, taking the name Ector Lodge No. 687 in 1901. Its members — area pioneers and prominent citizens — met in several homes before settling into their present building in 1980, sustaining charitable work throughout.

Ector, TX

The town of Ector took root in 1874 along the Texas & Pacific Railroad, and by 1885 a Methodist congregation was meeting in a nearby school under the Rev. R. R. Nelson. A frame church with twin steeples rose in 1888 and served until it was razed in 1960, replaced by later buildings and a new 1976 sanctuary. The congregation has ministered to the community for well over a century.

Edgewood, TX

Edgewood was born of the railroad: in 1878 Judge John C. Robertson and his partner W. S. Herndon gave land for a depot, and a community quickly grew around it. Amid Van Zandt County's seat dispute, Canton residents shifted their shipping here from Wills Point. The town cemetery holds its earliest gravestone from 1889, but after a lost deed and declining use, the last burial came in the 1920s; long neglected, the plot has since been restored.

Edom, TX

Edom is one of the oldest towns in Van Zandt County, and a restless one: it occupied three different sites before settling into its present place. Founded as Hamburg in 1849 by sawmill builders James Coltharp and A. C. Beall, it acquired a stagecoach station and post office, shifted west to a crossroads as Newburg, then moved again in the 1850s to become Edom. A church organized in 1857 and a post office in 1858 anchored the community, which finally incorporated in 1966.

Washington, DC · est. 1907

In the spring of 1755, at the height of the French and Indian War, a division of British regulars under General Edward Braddock set out along this road toward Fort Duquesne, deep in the contested Ohio country. The campaign ended in a disastrous ambush that killed Braddock and scattered his army, an early lesson in frontier warfare witnessed by a young aide named George Washington. The Society of Colonial Wars set this memorial in 1907 to mark the historic route.

Raymondville, TX

Born in an Austin log house to a Republic of Texas newspaperman, E. B. Raymond rode into South Texas in 1870 and spent decades managing the sprawling King-Kenedy ranching empire. Building his own ranch and civic career, he helped bring the railroad through by deeding right-of-way and donating a station site, which the railway named in his honor. He then founded a town company, bank, telephone exchange, and cotton gin, and Raymondville later became the seat of Willacy County.

Churchill County, NV

The springs and streams of Edwards Creek Valley made it a vital gathering ground for Native peoples, where Shoshone families moved seasonally for seeds and small game and wintered in camps later shared by Northern Paiutes. In 1854 Colonel John Reese found a route through the valley shorter than the Humboldt trail, and after surveyor James Simpson formalized it in 1859 it carried the Pony Express, the Overland Telegraph, and the overland stages. Serving too as a passageway to the 1862 Austin gold rush, it remained the region's principal commercial artery until 1880.

Brazos County, TX

El Camino Real, the 'Royal Road,' ran roughly a thousand miles from Saltillo in Mexico into present-day Louisiana, following ancient Indian and buffalo trails. Its oldest marked segment was blazed in 1691 under Domingo Terán de los Ríos to link the provincial capital with the Spanish missions of East Texas, and in 1820 Moses Austin traveled it to San Antonio to request the land grant that opened Texas to Anglo-American settlement. In 1918 the state and the Daughters of the American Revolution set granite markers every five miles along the Texas route.

Normangee, TX

The Camino Real—the Old San Antonio Road—was first blazed in 1691 by Domingo Terán de los Ríos, first provincial governor of Texas, guiding a mission expedition with Father Damián Massanet from the Rio Grande across a chain of rivers to the missions of East Texas. Generations of explorers, soldiers, and settlers followed the same route, among them Moses Austin in 1820, and the Republic of Texas later made the road a boundary for its land grants. This 1936 centennial marker honors that ancient highway of empires.

Benchley, TX

El Camino Real — the King's Highway, also called the Old San Antonio Road — was the great overland route by which Spanish colonization reached into Texas, formally marked by the first Texas governor in 1691 but following far older paths worn by buffalo, Native peoples, and traders. Over the centuries it carried explorers like La Salle and St. Denis, mission-founders such as De León and Massanet, and finally Moses Austin and the thousands of American settlers who followed him in 1820. Soldiers and supply trains moved along it through the Texas Revolution, the Mexican War, and the Civil War.

El Paso, TX

El Camino Real, the 'King's Highway,' was the great royal road linking Mexico City to the far northern Kingdom of New Mexico across the vast Spanish empire. From 1581 onward, conquistadors, priests, merchants, and settlers passed this way, their ox-carts and mule-trains carrying the traffic of a new realm. For centuries the road was the artery of Spanish colonial life in the Southwest.

Victoria, TX

The Camino Real, or King's Highway, was a network of routes linking Spanish missions and presidios across Texas and Louisiana. Beginning in 1725 a lower branch passed through present-day Victoria County, serving Presidio La Bahía—built atop the ruins of La Salle's Fort St. Louis—and the mission of Espíritu Santo as they repeatedly relocated along the Guadalupe and San Antonio rivers. The road remained a vital link between Béxar and East Texas for another century.

El Campo, TX

El Campo began in 1882 as "Prairie Switch," a camp on the New York, Texas, and Mexican Railroad that shipped cattle and supplies for area ranchers. By the 1890s it had grown into a full town of homes, businesses, schools, and churches, its character shaped by an influx of European immigrants. Fires in 1896 and 1901 leveled much of downtown, but the city rebuilt, and oil and gas strikes in the 1930s brought a boom atop its enduring agricultural base.

Encino, TX

A magnificent live oak once spread its canopy over this stretch of the South Texas plains, growing in a hollow scooped out by sheltering livestock and eroding winds. "The Oak in the Hole" guided early trails and land grants, sheltered a stagecoach station, and gave the nearby town of Encino its name. An extended drought killed the great tree in the 1890s.

Anthony, TX

Named for the mountain pass that gave it life, El Paso has long been a gateway—first for Indigenous peoples, then for Spanish priests, gold-seekers, traders, and stagecoaches funneling through the Rio Grande corridor. Federal troops occupied this borderland longer than any other part of Texas during the Civil War, and the city grew into an agricultural, industrial, and military center dotted with Spanish missions.

El Paso, TX

El Paso's story runs four centuries deep, from the Indian peoples who lived here before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s through Spanish colonization, Mexican rule, and Anglo industrialization. The Rio Grande became an international border, splitting the old El Paso del Norte into what became Ciudad Juárez to the south and El Paso to the north. Fort Bliss in 1854, the Butterfield Overland Mail in 1858, and the railroads of the 1880s brought booming growth to this crossroads at the pass.

El Paso, TX

Built in 1857 as a 4-4-0 "Classic American" locomotive, this engine began life hauling freight and passengers across the upper Midwest before a second career in the Southwest. By 1889 the line that became the El Paso & Southwestern Railroad had acquired it, converted it from wood to coal, and put it to work opening the mining country around Bisbee, Arizona. Dubbed "Old Number One," it served more than fifty years before retirement, later starring briefly on film and finding a permanent home in El Paso.

El Paso, TX

The El Paso and Southwestern Railroad, begun in Arizona in 1888, reached El Paso in 1902 and made the border city the headquarters of its far-flung operations. This seven-story office building went up for the line in 1906, presiding over rail shops that served the Southwest. By the time the Southern Pacific absorbed the company in 1924, it was running more than 1,200 miles of track.

Laredo, TX

Long before Spanish colonizers arrived, Indigenous travelers used a natural ford across the Rio Grande here, and around 1746 Jacinto de León marked the crossing that would bear his name. When José de Escandón's colonization push reached the region, Tomás Sánchez de la Barrera founded a ranching settlement nearby in 1755 that grew into Laredo. Maps later relabeled the ford "Paso de los Indios," a memory of its far older use, as cattle, sheep, and the salt trade moved across the river.

Laredo, TX

Long before roads and bridges, travelers depended on natural fords to cross rivers safely, and around 1746 Jacinto de León identified such a crossing near this spot on the Rio Grande. Indigenous peoples had almost certainly used the ford for centuries before him, threading a route that later carried Spanish colonists, traders, and settlers. The crossing helped fix the location of what would become Laredo.

El Paso, TX

El Paso del Río del Norte — the Pass of the North — is the lowest snow-free route through the Rocky Mountains between the Atlantic and Pacific, and for that reason it became a great artery of continental travel. Through it run the trunk lines of telegraph and railroad that knit the modern nation together, and the city of El Paso grew up to mark the spot and carry on its name. This marker was placed in 1936 during the Texas Centennial.

El Paso, TX

Built in 1904–05, the El Paso Union Passenger Station rose as the hub of the city's busy international railroad traffic on the U.S.–Mexico border. It was designed by the celebrated Chicago architect Daniel H. Burnham — the same firm behind Washington, D.C.'s Union Station — and stands today as a monument to the railroads that drove El Paso's early growth.

Miami County, OH

Spanning the Great Miami River near Troy, the Eldean Covered Bridge dates to 1860, when the Hamilton Brothers of Piqua raised it for Miami County using the Long truss design patented decades earlier by Stephen H. Long. Originally called Allen's Mill Bridge for the gristmill it served, it carried farm wagons and local traffic across a river that could turn treacherous in flood. At 224 feet across two spans, it stands among the longest surviving covered bridges in Ohio and one of the finest examples of its truss type in the country.

Boulder City, NV

Eldorado Canyon runs east to the Colorado River, and around 1859 prospectors began digging its slopes for gold and silver, organizing the Colorado Mining District. Its three great mines — the Techatticup, Wall Street, and El Dorado Rand — yielded more than six million dollars, while steamboats and barges freighted goods some 350 miles up from the Gulf of California to the canyon's mouth. In 1867 the U.S. Army planted an outpost here to guard the river freight and the miners; the mines revived in the 1870s and worked on until World War II.

Gray County, TX

Established on March 20, 1886, Eldridge was the first post office in Gray County, sparing area ranchers a 20-mile ride to Mobeetie for their mail. First proposed under the name Elfin Grove, it stood near a blacksmith shop on McClellan Creek and shifted location more than once. About 1902 it moved south to the railroad, where Eldridge was reborn as the town of Alanreed.

Asheville, NC

On February 1, 1889, Asheville opened North Carolina's first electric trolley system, an early adopter of a technology then transforming American cities. The line served the train depot a quarter mile southeast and helped knit the growing resort town together while boosting its tourist trade. Electric streetcars would shape Asheville's development for decades.

Elgin, TX

Elgin was founded in 1871 when residents of the nearby pioneer settlement of Hogeye relocated to the newly completed Houston & Texas Central Railroad, naming their town for surveyor R.M. Elgin. Known as the "Brick Capital of the Southwest," the town was making handpressed brick as early as 1882 and became a noted agricultural center.

Corpus Christi, TX

Eli Todd Merriman came to Corpus Christi with his family in 1865 and, at eighteen, took up typesetting for the weekly Nueces Valley. In 1876 he co-founded the Corpus Christi Free Press, and after buying out his partner he built the paper that, sold and renamed in 1883, became the Corpus Christi Caller, today's Caller-Times. Known as the "Dean of Texas Newspaper Men," he later championed a deep-water port and the preservation of the old Bayview Cemetery, where he was buried in 1941.

Corpus Christi, TX

Elihu Harrison Ropes, a New Jersey publisher and realtor, arrived in Texas in the late 1880s with grand plans to build a deepwater port that would transform Corpus Christi into an industrial city. Backed by Eastern investors, he began dredging a channel through Mustang Island and envisioned a railroad and a cliffside resort along today's Ocean Drive. The Panic of 1893 wiped out his funding, and his projects—including the never-opened Alta Vista hotel—collapsed, sending him back to New York, where he died in 1898.

Winona, TX

Elisha Everett Lott came to Harrison County in 1840 and was elected to the Congress of the Republic of Texas in 1842, working to open East Texas to settlement. After moving to the area in 1845, he helped organize Smith County in 1846 and choose Tyler as its seat, promoted steamboat navigation on the Sabine River, and won a state senate seat in 1853. A Confederate veteran, he died at his Starrville home in 1864.

Waco, TX

The first Elite cafe opened in downtown Waco in 1919 and was taken over by the Greek immigrant Colias family a year later. In 1941 the Colias brothers built this location on "The Circle," a traffic hub laid out on Waco's growing suburban edge, in an eye-catching Spanish Colonial style. It survives as one of the region's best examples of mid-20th-century roadside architecture.

Elizabeth, PA · est. 1946

In the early republic, the town of Elizabeth on the Monongahela became a busy cradle of boatbuilding for America's western rivers. At the yards of John and Samuel Walker, shipwrights turned out vessels sturdy enough for long voyages — one launched here in 1793 made its way down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans and on to Philadelphia. These river craft carried settlers and goods into the opening trans-Appalachian frontier.

Roanoke, TX

Settled in the early 1860s, the town of Elizabeth grew into a trade center with stores, churches, a school, and a Masonic lodge. Tradition holds that William Perry Harmonson donated the acre-and-a-half graveyard in 1867 upon his mother Anna's death. When the Texas and Pacific Railroad bypassed the town in 1881 it began to fade, and today the cemetery — enlarged in 1949 and holding nearly 400 graves — is all that survives of the once-thriving village.

Elko, NV

Elko was born of the railroad at the very end of 1868, when Central Pacific crews staked out lots that filled almost overnight, and within two years thousands of people made it a bustling freight and passenger gateway to the mining country north and south. It even hosted the University of Nevada from 1874 until the school moved to Reno in 1885. By the 1870s Elko had become the marketing heart of northeastern Nevada's vast rangelands, home to cattle barons and governors alike, and it remains the region's economic hub and host of the celebrated Cowboy Poetry Gathering.

Elko, NV

On an April morning in 1926, Varney Air Lines pilot Leon Cuddeback set his little Curtiss Swallow biplane down at Elko with a single sack of mail, completing the first scheduled airmail flight in the United States. The ninety-horsepower plane had lifted off from Pasco, Washington, refueled at Boise, and covered some 460 miles to reach Nevada under a fresh federal contract. Varney's modest venture proved the commercial promise of flying the mail; the company was later sold to Boeing and folded into United Airlines.

Baltimore County, MD

In 1772 three Quaker brothers from Bucks County, Pennsylvania — the Ellicotts — settled this steep granite valley on the Patapsco River and built flour mills that helped transform the surrounding farmland from tobacco to wheat. To move their flour to market they cut a road down to Baltimore, knitting the young port to its hinterland. Nearly six decades later, on May 20, 1830, the pioneering Baltimore & Ohio Railroad reached this very spot, making the milling town one of the first railroad destinations in the nation.

Rankin, TX

George Elliott pushed onto the wide-open West Texas range in 1880, building near the old Butterfield Stage Road and hauling water fifty miles from the head of the Concho. His ranch house served as the first polling place of the county that formed in 1887 and later anchored the vast Halff-brothers 'Quien Sabe' and Circle Dot cattle operations. As Upton County organized, it did double duty as a mail station, salt house, and cowboy bunkhouse.

Bay City, TX

Before highways bridged the lower Colorado River, Texans relied on flat-bottomed ferries to cross its wide, muddy channel, and Elliott's Ferry was one such crossing in the coastal-prairie country of Matagorda County. In an era when rivers were both lifelines and barriers, a licensed ferry keeper connected farms, cattle drives, and travelers moving toward the Gulf. Bay City grew up around this stretch of the river as settlement thickened through the nineteenth century.

Denton, TX

Built in 1922 by the Denton Construction Company, the Elm Fork Bridge crossed the Trinity River's Elm Fork to serve the surging automobile traffic of the 1920s. At 250 feet it was then the county's longest bridge, its main span a 100-foot Pratt through-truss flanked by Warren pony-truss approaches — and, unlike the one-lane iron bridges before it, engineered for two-way traffic. It carried the Sherman Highway until 1990 and now serves walkers as part of the Ray Roberts Lake State Park Greenbelt.

Bladen County, NC

Since 1905 the Elwell Ferry has carried travelers across the Cape Fear River in rural Bladen County, pulled along a cable strung from bank to bank. Once dozens of such ferries stitched together eastern North Carolina, where bridges were scarce and the rivers wide. Today it is among the last inland cable ferries still running in the state.

Ozona, TX

Emerald, the first platted town in Crockett County, was founded in 1889 by a railway immigration agent who advertised its mild climate and fertile land from Maine to Minnesota, hoping it would sit on a rail extension and become the county seat. It gained a post office, held the county's first school in a tent, and survived a prairie fire in 1890. When it lost the 1891 county-seat election to the site of present Ozona, residents drifted away and the post office closed, leaving Emerald one of West Texas's many failed colonization schemes.

Emhouse, TX

This congregation began in 1893 in the rural Kelm community as the Tinkle Baptist Church, gathered by pioneer missionary Rev. B. N. Price and worshiping first in a schoolhouse on land given by settler Nathan Tinkle. In 1908 the members voted to move to nearby Emhouse, a town just two years old and built along the Trinity & Brazos Valley rail line, relocating their frame building to serve for three more decades. A community tabernacle raised in 1914 hosted the revivals that fueled the church's growth into a center of local life.

Odessa, TX

When gold fever swept the nation in 1849, wagon trains of families crossed into Texas at Preston on the Red River and pushed southwest toward the California fields, carrying the old, the young, and all they owned. Their route ran past desert springs to Emigrants' Crossing on the Pecos and on through Guadalupe Pass to El Paso, a punishing passage marked by the broken wagon parts left behind. Army officers Randolph B. Marcy in 1849 and John Pope in 1854 surveyed the trail, which passed near this spot.

Pecos, TX

Where the treacherous Pecos River spreads thin over exposed rock, Emigrants' Crossing offered one of only three fords along a 60-mile stretch. Gold-seekers bound for California in 1849 favored this passage, giving it the name California Emigrants' Crossing, and in 1858 the Butterfield Overland Mail built an adobe station and walled corral here for its coaches. For a generation it was a vital gateway across a river that few could otherwise cross.

Ralls vicinity, TX

In the spring of 1891, merchants R. L. Stringfellow and H. E. Hume laid out the town of Emma, named for Stringfellow's future wife, opening it with a picnic and a sale of town lots. That fall it won the Crosby County seat, and residents dismantled the courthouse at Estacado and hauled it piece by piece to Emma's square. The town boomed for two decades until the South Plains Railroad bypassed it by five miles in 1910; the county seat moved to Crosbyton, buildings were carted off, and Emma faded into a ghost town whose only surviving link is its cemetery.

Carson City, NV

When the Comstock Lode broke open in 1859, the riddle of how to crush and reduce its fabulously rich ore fell to a string of mills, and the Carson River — with its steady water power — became the answer. Beginning with a small mill in 1860 that grew into the Mexican, a line of works rose downstream, feeding the town of Empire and producing fortunes in gold and silver for more than forty years. Ore first came by wagon and later aboard the famed Virginia and Truckee Railroad, built in 1869, past mills with names like Yellow Jacket, Brunswick, and Santiago.

Diboll, TX

In 1893 the Emporia Lumber Company's owners S.F. Carter and M.T. Jones bought more than 5,000 acres in south Angelina County and built a company town around a sawmill, complete with a railroad spur, logging camps, company houses, schools, churches, stores, and a cemetery. When the mill burned in 1906 it was never rebuilt, yet residents lingered even as the company folded. In time the town was swallowed by the growing city of Diboll.

Luckenbach, TX

The Rev. August Engel, a circuit-riding Methodist preacher who emigrated from Germany in 1846, and his descendants shaped the tiny Hill Country community that became Luckenbach. When a post office opened in an Engel home in 1886, daughter Minna — married to C.A. Luckenbach — was asked to name it and chose the family name. Around the store, post office, blacksmith shop, cotton gin, saloon, and dance hall, generations of Engels served as postmasters until the office finally closed in 1971.

Slaton, TX

Representing the Santa Fe Railroad, W.B. Storey, Jr. bought the future townsite of Slaton on April 15, 1911, with plans for a roundhouse, switch lines, depot, and Harvey House that would make it a hub of West Texas rail traffic. Rail workers and settlers filled the town so quickly that it incorporated in 1912, the same year residents opened this cemetery with the burial of an infant. Among its thousands of graves are unmarked burials in a potter's field and veterans of wars dating to the Civil War.

Colmesneil, TX

Benjamin Enloe, an 1837 settler, bought this Tyler County land in 1849 and built a water-powered mill on Billums Creek where the inflow of Belts Creek turned the wheel. Three generations of Enloes ground cornmeal, sawed lumber, and ginned cotton for settlers across a wide region — it even supplied the boards for Woodville's first frame courthouse in 1852. Traffic to the mill wore in one of the area's main roads, later Boone's Ferry Road, tying the settlement to the Old Spanish Trail.

Enloe, TX

This Methodist congregation first gathered as a full station in the early 1870s under the Rev. W. P. Reed, moving through several communities — Thomas Chapel, Liberty, Unitia — before settling in the young town of Enloe in 1896. The Texas Midland Railroad arrived the next year, and Enloe boomed to 400 residents with banks, stores, cotton gins, and the Clem Lumber Company's headquarters. After the church burned on Easter Sunday 1919, the members rebuilt that same year and worshipped in the structure into the next century.

Fort Worth, TX

Canadian-born and Indiana-raised, Ephraim Merrill Daggett traded with Native people at Fort Dearborn before coming to the Republic of Texas in 1838, where he was caught up in the East Texas Regulator-Moderator feud and later served as a captain in the Mexican War. Settling in the frontier post of Fort Worth in 1854, he bought up large tracts of Tarrant County land and used his political influence to help make Fort Worth the county seat and to bring the Texas & Pacific Railroad in 1876. His work developing the young city earned him the title "The Father of Fort Worth," and his likeness graced the city's first seal.

Lufkin, TX

This slip-tongue, high-wheel cart, built in 1950 for the lumber firm W.T. Carter & Brother, was among the last of its kind, drawn by oxen or mules to skid logs from the forest to the railroad. Replaced by tractor-powered equipment just a year later, it stands as a relic of the labor-intensive methods that defined early East Texas logging. Preserved and marked in 1972, it recalls the industry that shaped the Piney Woods economy.

Troup, TX

Dr. Erasmus M. Hanna, one of the founders of Troup, built this cypress-and-pine Victorian home about 1872 while pursuing a career that ranged well beyond medicine—into East Texas railroads, clay industries, and the town's first hotel. His wife, Virginia Morris Hanna, came from a pioneering East Texas family. Five generations of Hanna descendants have since lived beneath its beaded bay windows and high-arched gables.