Operation Long Horn
Lometa, Lampasas County, Texas
Marker Inscription
The close of World War II brought new tensions to America that led to the Cold War. Under fear of communism and nuclear assault, the U.S. Army and Air Force simulated a war in one of the largest maneuvers ever to be staged on American soil. Called Operation Long Horn, the simulation included thwarting an invasion and recovering from an atomic attack. To carry out the mock war, which began in late March 1952, ranchers between Waco and San Angelo signed easements to their land. Several Lometa-area ranches became sites of battles and campgrounds as more than 115,000 troops came to Texas for maneuvers. The town's population grew from 900 to 22,000, and the troops and supporting civilian staff members faced life in a small town. Local residents cooperated and participated by rationing and trading with troops, offering facilities for a mock U.S.O. (United Service Organizations) facility and attending programs and presentations given by soldiers. Such programs included an airdrop of 2,500 troops, as well as weapons, equipment and rations, in a training maneuver that pitted the 31st Infantry, 47th Infantry, and 1st armored division against the 82nd Airborne Division out of Fort Bragg, North Carolina. In a nationally publicized event, aggressor forces captured and occupied Lampasas (17 mi. SE), establishing mock control of media and setting curfews. The city was liberated near the end of the simulation on April 9, 1952. The $3,300,000 exercise left local residents with damaged ranch land, outbuildings, fences and gates, as well as spooked livestock, but also gave them an opportunity to experience war in their own community. (2004)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
In the spring of 1952, at the height of early Cold War anxiety over communism and nuclear attack, the U.S. Army and Air Force staged Operation Long Horn across the Texas Hill Country—one of the largest war games ever held on American soil. More than 115,000 troops swarmed ranches whose owners had signed easements, simulating an invasion, an atomic strike, and a massive airborne drop pitting infantry and armor against the 82nd Airborne. Aggressor forces even "captured" nearby Lampasas before the mock war ended, swelling little Lometa from 900 people to 22,000.
Why it matters
The exercise brought the abstract fears of the Cold War home to rural Texas, testing how the nation would fight—and recover from—a nuclear attack.
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Related events
- · Operation Long Horn
- · Cold War
Themes & tags
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