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American RevolutionEarly Republic

Walnut Street Prison

Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Marker Inscription

One of the nation's first urban penal institutions, it confined felons, prisoners of war, Tories, and debtors from 1775 to 1838. Extending from Walnut St. to Locust St., it was the site of numerous riots. The prison was replaced by Eastern State Penitentiary.

Erected by Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

The Story

Rising in Philadelphia during the Revolution, the Walnut Street Prison held a turbulent mix of humanity from 1775 to 1838 — common felons, debtors, captured British prisoners of war, and loyalist Tories alike. Its crowded cellblocks stretching from Walnut to Locust Street were the scene of repeated riots, but the institution also became a proving ground for early American ideas about punishment and reform. It was eventually superseded by the vast, radial Eastern State Penitentiary.

Why it matters

As one of the nation's first urban penitentiaries, it stood at the beginning of America's long and contested experiment with imprisonment as a system of justice and reform.

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