Site of The Kishi Colony
Vidor, Orange County, Texas
Marker Inscription
Japanese native Kichimatsu Kishi (d. 1956), a veteran of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-05, established an agricultural colony at this site in 1908. The first settlers were Japanese tenant farmers. Despite their eventual American citizenship and the adoption of several Western customs, they managed to maintain the traditions of their homeland. Several crops were raised here, but the fertile soil and abundant water were best suited for rice production. Later, workers of Mexican and French Louisiana descent joined the settlement. In order to serve the growing colony, Kishi deeded land for a church and a school. A nearby cemetery was started in 1910 for the burial of a young colonist, T. Toba. Unstable market prices, damaged crops, and financial hardships led to the decline of the colony. The end came as a result of the economic Depression of the 1930s. Some settlers moved to other states, but many remained. Several of the men served with American forces during World War II. The Kishi colony was instrumental in the economic growth of Orange County. Only the cemetery and a few structures mark the site, but descendants of original settlers still live in Southeast Texas.
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
In 1908, Kichimatsu Kishi—a Japanese native and veteran of the Russo-Japanese War—founded an agricultural colony here, bringing Japanese tenant farmers who found the wet Orange County soil ideal for rice. The settlers became American citizens and adopted Western ways while keeping their homeland's traditions, and Kishi gave land for a church, a school, and a cemetery as Mexican and French Louisiana workers joined them. Falling prices and the Depression broke the colony in the 1930s, though many families stayed and their descendants remain in Southeast Texas.
Why it matters
The Kishi Colony is a rare chapter of Japanese immigration to the American South, a multicultural farming experiment whose members would go on to serve the United States in World War II.
Own a business near here? Add it to the map.
Related people
- · Kichimatsu Kishi
Related events
- · World War II
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Orangefield
Orange, TX
A shallow well drilled near Orange in 1903 struck no oil, but deeper drilling into the Gulf Coast salt domes changed everything: Rio Bravo Oil Company's 1913 "Wonder Well" was briefly the deepest in Texas, and Humble Oil's 1921 gusher opened the Orange oil field to a wave of wildcatting. A boomtown of stores, hotels, cafes, and theaters rose overnight—served by a six-mile plank road and eight buses—and even drew a Japanese agricultural colony and petroleum company that logged a record-deep rotary well in 1922. A 1923 fire, a tornado, and dwindling crews later thinned the town, which today centers on its school district, churches, and homes.
Alexander Gilmer
Orange, TX
An Irish immigrant who reached America in 1846, Alexander "Sandy" Gilmer built ships in Orange with his cousin and ran a mercantile before the Civil War, when he served the Confederacy as a blockade runner trading local cotton and lumber for scarce supplies and took part in the 1863 Battle of Sabine Pass. After the war he turned to sawmilling, and though fires destroyed four of his mills, he became one of the region's leading lumbermen, with holdings that included the town of Remlig—his name spelled backward. He died in 1906 while on business in New York.
Samuel H. Levingston
Orange, TX
Born in northern Ireland in 1832, Samuel H. Levingston left home at fourteen and learned ship carpentry in Apalachicola, Florida, before moving near present-day Orange just before the Civil War. He served the Confederacy as a ship carpenter and blockade runner, then returned to build paddle-wheel boats hauling cotton down the Sabine. His son George later grew the family trade into the Levingston Shipbuilding Company, and the land the family once farmed became a city park.
Henry Jacob Lutcher
Orange, TX
The son of German immigrants, Henry Jacob Lutcher built a successful lumber business in Pennsylvania before he and partner G. Bedell Moore, drawn by the vast pine forests of southeast Texas, relocated part of their operation to Orange in the 1870s. There he raised a large sawmill, bought up timberland, and introduced improved milling techniques that other operators adopted. His support for deep-water ports at Sabine Pass, Orange, and Beaumont, and for new rail lines, helped knit the region into the national economy; his widow Frances Ann continued his philanthropy after his 1912 death.