Seven Wells
Colorado City, Mitchell County, Texas
Marker Inscription
This area, now covered by Lake Champion, was once the site of springs that originated from underground water which also supplied Champion Creek. They were called "wells" because the Seven Spring Basins closely resembled man-made wells. Buffalo tracks cut deep into the creek banks of soft sandstone indicated this was a watering place for great herds of bison. At least four trails crisscrossed the area where north and south Champion Creeks converged. For hundreds of years Indians also camped here, and in the 1880s a small, early Mitchell County settlement named "Artesia" grew up at the site of the wells. (1968)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
The springs once here — now beneath Lake Champion — bubbled up in seven basins so round they looked man-made, earning the name Seven Wells. Fed by the same underground water that supplied Champion Creek, they drew great herds of buffalo whose tracks cut deep into the soft sandstone banks, and at least four trails converged where the creeks met. Native peoples camped at this watering place for centuries, and in the 1880s a small settlement called Artesia briefly rose at the site.
Why it matters
Reliable water dictated where people and animals moved across the arid West, and gathering places like Seven Wells were crossroads of Native life for centuries before ranchers and settlers arrived.
Own a business near here? Add it to the map.
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Comanche Village Massacre
Colorado City, TX
On the banks of the Colorado River in October 1840, a punitive expedition of ninety volunteers under Colonel John Henry Moore attacked a Comanche village, killing and capturing scores of its people and recovering hundreds of horses. Guided by seventeen Lipan Apache scouts under Chiefs Castro and Flacco, the raid came amid the bitter frontier warfare of the Republic of Texas years. It was one episode in the long, violent contest between settlers and the Comanche over the Texas plains.
Ruddick Park
Colorado City, TX
This West Texas park was deeded to Colorado City in 1929 in memory of pioneers W. P. and Sarah Ruddick, but the ground it sits on carried a longer, harder history. The nearby Colorado River saw an 1840 clash between Colonel John Henry Moore's men and a Comanche village, and the creek here still bears the name of the Kiowa chief Lone Wolf; by 1880 Texas Rangers of the Frontier Battalion were stationed here against raids. When the Texas & Pacific Railroad arrived in 1881, settlers like the Quaker Ruddick—who introduced registered Jersey and Hereford cattle and raised some of Mitchell County's first cotton—poured into the region.
Buffalo Trails
Colorado City, TX
These preserved tracks come from an ancient buffalo trail, one of the deep grooves that thundering herds pounded single-file into the West Texas ground as they moved between grazing grounds and watering holes. Migratory routes ran from the Rio Grande to Canada, and buffalo hunters like the Mooar brothers killed thousands here in the 1870s for hides, tongues, and meat. Native peoples had long followed these paths to the herds, and later explorers and railroad engineers built roads and rail lines along the very same routes.
Mitchell County
Colorado City, TX
Mitchell County was carved out of West Texas territory in 1876 and organized in 1881 when the railroad arrived, turning Colorado City into a booming supply hub known as the region's 'Mother City.' Named for War for Independence veterans Asa and Eli Mitchell, the county blended cattle, sheep, and later oil into its economy. Its landmarks — a former Comanche village site and Seven Wells, remembered as a last buffalo watering hole — mark the transition from Indigenous and frontier land to a railroad-era ranching center.