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John E. Fryer, M.D. (1937-2003)

Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Marker Inscription

Temple professor and psychiatrist Fryer, disguised as "Dr. Anonymous," spoke against the American Psychiatric Association's classification of homosexuality as a mental illness at the APA's 1972 annual meeting. Fryer's testimony persuaded the APA to declassify homosexuality as a mental disorder in 1973, ending treatments such as chemical castration, electric shock therapy, and lobotomy and paving the way for advances in LGBT civil rights.

Erected by Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

The Story

At the American Psychiatric Association's 1972 meeting, Temple psychiatrist John E. Fryer took the stage in a mask and voice-distorting equipment, calling himself "Dr. Anonymous" so he could speak as a gay psychiatrist without ending his career. His testimony helped persuade the APA to remove homosexuality from its list of mental disorders in 1973, closing the door on cruel "treatments" and opening a new chapter in the fight for equal rights.

Why it matters

Fryer's courage marked a turning point in both medicine and civil rights, reframing millions of Americans as citizens deserving equality rather than patients in need of a cure.

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