HistoricSiteMarkers
Early RepublicCivil War

Home of Chas. Stillman

Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas

Marker Inscription

Home of Chas. Stillman, ship owner, merchant, rancher, who came to Brazos Santiago in 1828 and in 1849-50 founded City of Brownsville in old Espiritu Santo Land Grant. Built about 1850 for his bride, Elizabeth Goodrich, of Connecticut. Has separate kitchen, cisterns, carriage house, patio typical of pre-Civil War architecture. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, 1964

Erected by Texas Historical Commission

The Story

Merchant, ship owner, and rancher Charles Stillman came to the mouth of the Rio Grande in 1828 and went on to found the city of Brownsville in 1849–50 within the old Espíritu Santo land grant. This house was built around 1850 for his Connecticut-born bride, Elizabeth Goodrich, complete with a separate kitchen, cisterns, and patio typical of pre–Civil War border architecture. Stillman became one of the most powerful commercial figures of the lower Rio Grande.

Why it matters

It marks the founding of a major border city and the rise of the trade empires that tied the Texas-Mexico frontier into national and international commerce.

Own a business near here? Add it to the map.

Related people

  • · Charles Stillman
  • · Elizabeth Goodrich

Themes & tags

Nearby & related markers

Chisholm Trail

Brownsville, TX

Spanish cattle brought to Texas in the 1600s and 1700s became the hardy longhorn, and by 1860 ranching dominated the Rio Grande Valley, worked by the vaqueros whose traditions defined the American cowboy. After the Civil War, cattle worth a few dollars in Texas fetched ten times as much at midwestern railheads, so ranchers pooled their herds and drove them north from the Rio Grande through Fort Worth and into Oklahoma, where the route met the trail blazed by trader Jesse Chisholm in 1865. An estimated 10 million cattle followed the Chisholm Trail north before quarantines curtailed the drives in the late 1870s.

Rabb Plantation

Brownsville, TX

Once the sprawling Rancho San Tomas, this Rio Grande estate covered more than twenty thousand acres when cattleman Mifflin Kenedy conveyed it to his stepdaughter in 1885. After Frank Rabb married into the family, the Rabbs and Starcks raised a Queen Anne house in 1892 to serve as the plantation's headquarters—the only Victorian showpiece of its kind in Cameron County, and a break from the region's older 'border brick' ranch tradition. Here Rabb experimented with irrigation, crops, and livestock that helped set the stage for the Valley's farming boom.

Rancho de Santa Maria

Santa Maria, TX

This ground was part of Spain's 1777 La Feria Grant, partitioned in 1843, and by the 1850s hosted a sub-post serving Forts Brown and Ringgold on the Rio Grande frontier. In 1870 L. J. Hynes built the compound that still stands, with buildings for a dairy, kitchen, and ammunition; as first postmaster in 1876 he ran a stage depot, general store, telegraph office, and river wharf. Frank Rabb bought the ranch in 1892, and in 1916 the U.S. Army made it a headquarters amid the era's border troubles.

Don Florencio Saenz Homestead

Progreso Lakes, TX

On land his family held by Spanish grant, Don Florencio Saenz built his homestead in 1902 as the headquarters of the sprawling Toluca Ranch, which once reached seventeen miles north from the Rio Grande. From here he ran a mercantile store and championed cattle ranching and irrigated river farming as the future of the lower Valley. In 1915, amid the cross-border turmoil of the Mexican Revolution era, raiders tried to burn the house and were driven off by U.S. soldiers in a fight that cost a private his life.