HistoricSiteMarkers
Early Republic

Gaines Memorial Bridge

Milam, Sabine County, Texas

Marker Inscription

Named by the highway departments of Louisiana and Texas in honor of 2 brothers: JAMES GAINES, who owned and operated a ferry here 1819 to 1844 and was a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence, and GENERAL PENDLETON GAINES, an officer in the U. S. Army, prominent in Louisiana history, and who was stationed near here in 1836 to observe the campaign in Texas. Texas Highway Department 1936

Erected by Texas Historical Commission

The Story

This bridge carries the name of two Gaines brothers whose lives spanned the Sabine River borderland between Louisiana and Texas. James Gaines ran a ferry at this crossing from 1819 to 1844 and signed the Texas Declaration of Independence, while General Pendleton Gaines commanded U.S. troops posted nearby in 1836 to watch the fighting unfold across the river in Texas. The two states' highway departments jointly honored them here in 1936.

Why it matters

The Sabine crossing was a gateway between the United States and a Texas struggling toward independence, and the men remembered here embodied both the settlement and the diplomacy of that frontier.

Own a business near here? Add it to the map.

Related people

  • · James Gaines
  • · Pendleton Gaines

Related events

  • · Texas Declaration of Independence

Themes & tags

TransportationWestward ExpansionFrontier HistoryBridge

Nearby & related markers

James Taylor Gaines

Milam, TX

James Taylor Gaines lived a frontier epic: surveyor of newly acquired Louisiana lands, Sabine River ferryman, and veteran of both the War of 1812 and the filibustering expeditions of early Texas. He represented the Sabine region at Washington-on-the-Brazos in 1836, signed the Texas Declaration of Independence, helped draft the Republic's constitution, and served in its congresses. He later followed the Gold Rush to California, where he died in 1856.

Milam

Milam, TX

First described by Stephen F. Austin as he camped along El Camino Real de los Tejas in 1821, Milam is among the oldest towns in Texas, originally known as Red Mound and prized by settlers for its fertile land. Sitting close to the great road, it saw a steady stream of explorers, veterans, and pioneers before losing its county seat in 1858 and slowly fading.

Las Boregas Camp Site

Milam, TX

Las Boregas Creek marked the eastern edge of an 1794 Spanish land grant to Juan Ignacio Pifermo—the oldest grant in Sabine County—where El Camino Real, the main road into Spanish Texas, crossed the water. A well-used campsite grew up beside the creek, and around 1800 a Spanish army post was posted upstream to guard settlers and travelers. According to his journal, Stephen F. Austin, the 'Father of Texas,' spent his very first night in Texas near this creek in July 1821.

Toledo Bend

Burkeville, TX

For centuries the great curve of the Sabine River known as Toledo Bend was a crossroads of the East Texas borderlands—a landmark for Spanish explorers and missionaries, and later a contested edge of the Neutral Territory disputed by the United States and Spain in the early 1800s. Just off El Camino Real, the King's Highway, it drew steamboat landings, ferries, and Anglo-American settlers who knew it as Bevil's Crossing and then Hadden's Ferry. In time it even became a cradle of the region's pecan industry before its modern life as a resort lake.