Antioch
Henderson, Rusk County, Texas
Marker Inscription
A group of freedpersons established the Antioch Community when they organized Antioch Baptist Church in 1866. The congregation planted five other area churches between 1884 abd 1914, and served as a focal point of the settlement. Another important institution was Antioch School, whose one-room structure was replaced by a four-room building financed through the Rosenwald Fund in the early 1920s; the school closed in 1966 due to integration. Residents interred the deceased in New Prospect Colored Cemetery; an additional burial ground, named Antioch Memorial Garden, was later added. Today, Antioch continues to be a community eager to preserve its rich heritage. (2009)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
In 1866, barely a year after emancipation, freedpersons in Rusk County organized Antioch Baptist Church and gathered a community around it. The congregation went on to plant five more churches and to sustain a school, whose one-room building was rebuilt in the early 1920s with help from the Rosenwald Fund before integration closed it in 1966. Church, school, and cemetery together made Antioch a lasting freedmen's settlement.
Why it matters
Freedmen's communities like Antioch were where formerly enslaved Americans built their own institutions of faith and education, laying groundwork that reached toward the civil rights era.
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Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Pleasant Green Baptist Church
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After emancipation, freedpeople established the community of Pleasant Green, and in December 1871 pastors Henry Moses and Charles Anderson helped local residents organize a Baptist congregation, with the Rev. Henry Mass as its first pastor. From a small farm the church moved to this site in 1884 on land deeded by Simon and Mealy Claiborn, raising a frame sanctuary and later a larger house of worship. It remains a center of the historic African American community.
Anadarko Rosenwald School
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In 1868 formerly enslaved people from the Devereaux plantation founded the community of Anadarko and the Anadarko Christian Church, which hosted the area's first Black public school. With $900 from Julius Rosenwald's fund, plus public and family donations, a three-teacher Rosenwald School was built here in 1926, later renamed for principal U. E. Allen. Only the gymnasium's pier-and-beam foundation now remains of the school that served the community until integration.
Wiley College Cemetery
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The Methodist Episcopal Church's Freedmen's Aid Society founded Wiley College in Marshall in 1873 to educate former slaves and their descendants, and set aside four acres of its grounds as a burial place for the Black community. The earliest documented graves date to 1894, and those laid to rest include longtime college president Matthew Dogan, respected teachers, and veterans of the Civil War through the Korean War. Many graves remain unmarked, and a cemetery club has tended the grounds since 1959.
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