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Colonial America

Acequia Madre de Valero (Main Irrigation Ditch of Valero Mission)

San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

Marker Inscription

(Main Irrigation Ditch of Valero Mission) One in a network of ditches begun by the Spanish and their Indian charges at the founding of San Antonio in 1718. Hand-dug and made of dressed limestone, the acequia diverted water from San Antonio River through fields belonging to San Antonio de Valero Mission. Irrigation was the key to the growth of mission and town. The ditch paralleled present Broadway by Brackenridge Park and Alamo Street, then fed back into the river southwest of this section. It became part of modern waterworks after 1877. This section was restored, 1968. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1968

Erected by Texas Historical Commission

The Story

When the Spanish founded San Antonio in 1718, they and the mission Indians in their charge began digging a network of acequias—hand-dug irrigation ditches lined with dressed limestone—to carry river water to the fields. This one, the Acequia Madre, served the fields of Mission San Antonio de Valero, better known as the Alamo, making irrigation the lifeblood of the growing mission and town. The ditch became part of the modern waterworks after 1877, and this section was restored in 1968.

Why it matters

The acequia system was the engineering foundation that made Spanish colonial San Antonio possible, a legacy of both Spanish and Indigenous labor still visible today.

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  • · Founding of San Antonio

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The Pajalache Acequia (Ditch)

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Early in the eighteenth century, the Pajalache Indians helped build this acequia, a hand-dug irrigation canal that carried San Antonio River water from La Villita down to Mission Concepcion. So wide and deep was the channel that, by tradition, padres and Native people paddled canoes between the two places. Part of the Spanish colonial mission system's remarkable network of gravity-fed waterways, the acequia sustained the fields that fed a young frontier community.

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