HistoricSiteMarkers
Early Republic

West Mountain Cemetery

Gilmer, Upshur County, Texas

Marker Inscription

Part of a Republic of Texas land grant formerly occupied by Caddo and Cherokee Indians, this cemetery was established in the mid-1850s by plantation owner Alpha Phillips. The first grave, that of his father, William, is marked with a stone cairn. The family cemetery came to be used by neighbors, West Mountain community residents, and transients. A volunteer association was begun in the 1920s to maintain the grounds, and its members have added acreage to the graveyard over the years. Originally known as Old Phillips Cemetery, it has been called West Mountain Cemetery since 1933.

Erected by Texas Historical Commission

The Story

On land once occupied by the Caddo and Cherokee and later part of a Republic of Texas grant, plantation owner Alpha Phillips established this burial ground in the mid-1850s. The first grave, his father William's, is marked by a stone cairn, and the family plot soon served neighbors and travelers alike. A volunteer association took up its care in the 1920s, and it has borne the name West Mountain Cemetery since 1933.

Why it matters

The cemetery layers Native homeland, Republic-era land grants, and plantation settlement into a single site, tracing the successive peoples who shaped East Texas.

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Related people

  • · Alpha Phillips
  • · William Phillips

Themes & tags

Nearby & related markers

Cherokee Trace

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In 1821 Cherokee people blazed this trace from the Nacogdoches area to their reservation on Arkansas's White River, slashing trees, clearing a path, planting Cherokee roses, and marking springs as camps. The trail became a thoroughfare for Sam Houston, David Crockett, other soldiers of the Texas Revolution, and thousands of immigrants. After Texas forces drove the Cherokees from the state in 1839, the very people who made the road departed over it into exile.

Cherokee Trace

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Around 1821, Cherokee people living near Nacogdoches blazed a trail north toward their kin in Arkansas, guided by a scout who set his course by dragging buffalo skins behind his horse while others marked the trees and planted Cherokee roses still seen along the route. Sam Houston, David Crockett, and thousands of settlers followed this road into Texas. The Cherokee were expelled from Texas in 1839 after Houston left the presidency, their chief killed in a two-day battle on the Neches River.

Site of Old Gilmer

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Along the old Cherokee Trace stood the first town of Gilmer, where in 1845 the inaugural Upshur County Court met in the open shade of an oak. The next spring Judge O. M. Roberts pressed the nearby W. H. Hart home into service as a courthouse until a permanent county seat could be carefully chosen. The Old Gilmer Cemetery lies a mile north.