The Hedgcoxe War
The Colony, Denton County, Texas
Marker Inscription
Distribution of land in the Peters Colony of north Texas triggered a dispute known as the Hedgcoxe War. The Texas Emigration & Land Co. organized the colony under an 1841 Republic of Texas law which allowed it to keep one-half of a settler's grant. After protests, this right was repealed, but in Feb. 1852 the company was compensated with 1,088,000 acres of vacant land within the colony. This action angered settlers and speculators with land certificates, who feared that the large grant would lower land values. At that time, the company's unpopular agent, English-born Henry O. Hedgcoxe, operated a land office on nearby Office Creek. On July 12 and 13, 1852, a group of Dallas men broke in and examined the land records. They reported to a meeting in Dallas on July 15 that the company was defrauding the colonists. John J. Good (1827-82), later mayor of Dallas, then led a band of armed men to Hedgcoxe's office. Hedgcoxe escaped, but most of his files were seized and the office burned. After the raid, tensions quickly cooled. The law was amended so that settlers obtained their grants from the state rather than from the company agent. The company kept its land grant, however, and Hedgcoxe returned to help survey the tract. (1975)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
In the young state of Texas, land was the currency of ambition, and few disputes turned as hot as the Hedgcoxe War of 1852. The Texas Emigration & Land Company, organized under an 1841 Republic of Texas law, had grown deeply unpopular after being compensated with more than a million acres carved from the Peters Colony—a windfall settlers feared would cheapen their own certificates. When Dallas men accused the company's agent, Henry O. Hedgcoxe, of fraud, an armed band led by future Dallas mayor John J. Good burned his land office, though Hedgcoxe himself slipped away. The near-bloodless uprising ended with the law amended so settlers dealt with the state rather than the company.
Why it matters
The episode captures the raw contest over land, speculation, and government authority that shaped settlement across the antebellum American frontier.
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Related people
- · Henry O. Hedgcoxe
- · John J. Good
Related events
- · Hedgcoxe War
- · Peters Colony land dispute
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Bridges Cemetery
The Colony, TX
The Bridges settlement, reportedly the oldest in Denton County, took root in 1843 as part of the Peters Colony land-grant venture. This cemetery, on land granted to W. A. Bridges in 1850, holds burials dating to 1855, including many children and Civil War soldiers among its early immigrant families. Deeded to the county in 1889, it preserves more than a hundred sandstone and granite markers.
Baccus Cemetery
Frisco, TX
Henry Cook, a War of 1812 veteran, arrived here in 1845 as a member of the Peters Colony, building a log house that became a landmark on the Shawnee Trail cattle route. He opened this family cemetery in 1847 to bury his young son Daniel, and his daughter Rachel Cook Baccus later deeded the ground to his heirs and gave land for the Baccus Christian Church. Named in her honor around 1915, the cemetery remains in use today.
Furneaux Cemetery
Carrollton, TX
Furneaux Cemetery began in 1884 when English immigrant William Furneaux, who had come to Texas in 1857 and married into a Peters Colony family, was buried on farmland he had set aside as a public graveyard. A neighbor soon donated adjoining land for a church, a cemetery association was chartered in 1888, and the surrounding heights became known as Cemetery Hill. When a 1924 tornado destroyed the frame church, the association took over the grounds.
Site of Lebanon
Frisco, TX
Settlers drawn to free land, spring water, and timber in the Peters Colony named their community Lebanon and won a post office in 1860. Sitting on the Preston Road and Shawnee Trail, it became a favorite stop for cattle drovers and grew through the 1880s and 1890s into a town of shops, churches, a hotel, and a two-story school. When the railroad bypassed it in 1902 in favor of nearby Frisco, residents drifted away, and by the 21st century only three original buildings remained.