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Colonial AmericaReconstruction & Gilded Age

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Marker Inscription

Rooted in legislation passed by the Pa. provincial general assembly in 1684, it is the nation’s oldest court of appeals and the highest in Pa. Issued landmark decisions on abolition of slavery and on labor and women’s rights. Became a model for federal and other states’ courts

Erected by Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

The Story

Traced to legislation passed by Pennsylvania's colonial assembly in 1684, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania stands as the oldest appellate court in the nation. Over the centuries it handed down influential rulings touching the abolition of slavery, the rights of labor, and the rights of women. Its structure and reasoning became a model that federal and other state courts would follow.

Why it matters

As America's oldest court of appeals, it helped shape the very idea of appellate justice in the United States and left its imprint on courts across the country.

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Nearby & related markers

Joseph and Amy Cassey (1789-1848)/(1809-56)

Philadelphia, PA · est. 2009

In the decades before the Civil War, Philadelphia was home to a thriving community of free Black Americans who built their own institutions of self-help and reform. Joseph Cassey, a prosperous barber and real-estate dealer, extended rentals and loans to Black and white customers alike, while he and his wife Amy founded benevolent and intellectual societies. Amy Cassey was also active in the Female Anti-Slavery Society, part of a network of women driving the abolitionist cause.

Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1992

In 1833, Quaker reformer Lucretia Mott helped organize this society of some sixty women dedicated to ending slavery, headquartered on this spot. Barred from full participation in male-led abolition groups, these women built their own influential organization, raising funds and rallying support for emancipation. After the Civil War, they turned their energies to aiding the newly freed, extending their reform work into a new era.

Pennsylvania Hall

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1992

Built in 1838 by the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, Pennsylvania Hall was meant to be a grand meeting place where abolitionists could gather freely in a city long divided over slavery. Just three days after its opening, an anti-Black mob set the building ablaze and burned it to the ground while authorities stood by. The attack laid bare the fierce hostility abolitionists faced even in the North.

Pennsylvania Abolition Society

Philadelphia, PA · est. 1992

In 1775, as revolutionary fervor stirred Philadelphia, reformers founded an organization to defend free Black people who were being unlawfully seized and sold into bondage. Reorganized in 1787 as the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, it broadened its mission to press for education, employment, and opportunity for Black Americans. It became one of the earliest and most influential antislavery bodies in the young nation, counting figures like Benjamin Franklin among its supporters.