St. Paul Industrial Training School
Caney City, Henderson County, Texas
Marker Inscription
The historic St. Paul community, a self-sufficient African American settlement, became renowned for its school and its remarkable husband and wife educators. James Willliam Smothers (1896-1975) of Mt. Meggs, Alabama, was a graduate of Hampton Institute (Virginia) and Prairie View College. Alice Olenza Wingfield (1899-2000) of Greenville, Alabama, graduated from Tuskegee Institute (Alabama). Her father established the first institution for underprivileged African American children in Greenville, influencing young Alice. James and Alice married in 1926 and came to Henderson County to organize St. Paul Industrial Training School. The state department of education had asked Hampton Institute to provide a teacher of scientific agriculture. J.W. As Superintendent and Alice as Principal arrived to find a small schoolhouse for 12 students. Children began arriving from across Texas, and through assistance from the state and benefactors, the campus grew. On December 26, 1942, a tornado leveled all the school buildings. Undaunted, the teachers and students retrieved the lumber and made temporary buildings. J.W. focused on improving the school's crop and livestock yields to consume and sell for profit. Alice began statewide fundraising, and philanthropists helped build a permanent campus of brick buildings. Beyond the regular curriculum, children learned practical skills in home economics, food canning, blacksmithing, sewing and typing, as well as instruction in music and voice. By the time the school closed in the 1980s, the Smothers and their teachers had served thousands of minority students. J.W. taught young people that "if you can't read, people will lie to you. If you can't count, they will cheat you. If you are weak, they will push you around, and if you are jittery, the world will keep you jumping." (2008)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
In 1926 two young Alabama-born educators—James William Smothers, trained at Hampton and Prairie View, and Alice Wingfield, a Tuskegee graduate—came to Henderson County's self-sufficient St. Paul community to run an industrial training school. They arrived to a single schoolhouse of twelve pupils; children soon came from across Texas, and even after a 1942 tornado leveled the campus the couple rebuilt it in brick. Alongside academics, students learned scientific agriculture, home economics, blacksmithing, sewing, typing, and music before the school closed in the 1980s.
Why it matters
St. Paul embodies the Hampton–Tuskegee model of practical education that shaped opportunity for thousands of Black Texans during the era of segregation.
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Related people
- · James William Smothers
- · Alice Wingfield Smothers
Themes & tags
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