Site of San Marcos National Fish Hatchery
San Marcos, Hays County, Texas
Marker Inscription
(First Federal fish hatchery in Texas) Established in 1893 on the 25-acre tract known as the W. D. Wood place. In early years the fish produced here were used to stock streams and ponds for sport purposes. Later this site became a pilot plant for testing new techniques of hatchery production. Here too, the tropical South African fish "tilapia" was bred in an effort to introduce non-native fish suitable for game fishing into the United States. At the time hatchery was built, cost of site was $4,500. Plant tied for fifth place in order of Federal hatcheries founded in the U.S. A water supply dam was finished in 1895 and an artesian well in 1896. In recent years this hatchery stocked largemouth black bass, bluegill, sunfish, and channel catfish in 15 ponds on 44 acres of land. Fish from these ponds were distributed to waters under supervision of the Federal government, while state hatcheries stocked state waters. Both state and national governments cooperated to supply private ponds free of charge. This facility closed in 1965 because operation was no longer economical and because the surrounding city made expansion of the plant impossible. Today there are 90 national fish hatcheries in the nation. Texas has 4 Federal and 13 state hatcheries.
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
Established in 1893 on the old W. D. Wood place, this was the first federal fish hatchery in Texas, raising fish to stock streams and ponds for sport. In later years it served as a pilot plant for new hatchery techniques and even bred the South African tilapia in an attempt to introduce non-native game fish. Stocking largemouth bass, bluegill, sunfish, and channel catfish, it operated until closing in 1965 as the growing city hemmed it in.
Why it matters
The hatchery reflects the early federal role in conserving and managing America's fisheries, an experiment in shared state and national stewardship of natural resources.
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Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Old Fish Hatchery Office Building
San Marcos, TX
Erected in 1894-95, this bracketed building served as the office for the San Marcos National Fish Hatchery, established in 1893 near the head of the spring-fed San Marcos River. When the hatchery closed in 1965 the site passed to Southwest Texas State University, and the old office found new life housing the school's Aquatic Biological Center before being moved to the River Walkway.
Riverhead Farm
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In 1905 William Green set out to build a modern, self-sustaining farm along the San Marcos River, drawing irrigation from the river and Sink Springs to supply an ambitious truck-farming operation. Headquartered at the former home of Major Edward Burleson Jr. and backed by his father's capital, Green raised Berkshire hogs and Jersey cattle and grew fruit and vegetables, especially onions, for market. He harnessed hydroelectric power for irrigation and to make ice for insulating railcars, creating an integrated farm-to-market system. Though the business closed in 1909, his methods pointed toward more advanced agricultural practices.
Mebane House
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Cotton farmer Alexander Duff Mebane built this prairie-school brick house in 1918 near the fields where he did his life's work. He bred a hardy, high-yielding cotton that resisted drought, storms, and the boll weevil, and it spread worldwide under the name Mebane Triumph. The home stayed in his family until 1947.
San Marcos Mill Tract
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