HistoricSiteMarkers
Civil War

San Antonio Mutual Aid Association

San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

Marker Inscription

Organized Nov. 1862. By Act of Texas Legislature, incorporated 1863. Had store at his site. Its $44,000 capital included $8,000 subscribed by the city for its needy and for families of confederates away in the Civil War. Aim of group was to keep down costs on necessities; Candles, flour, cloth, shoes, coffee. Help was given to 10,000 people. To obtain goods, cotton had to be sold in Mexico. This traffic was so vital that confederate army detailed soldiers to drive association wagons and teams. Other towns had like projects.

Erected by Texas Historical Commission

The Story

Organized in November 1862 and incorporated by the Texas Legislature the next year, the San Antonio Mutual Aid Association worked to hold down the price of wartime necessities—candles, flour, cloth, shoes, coffee—for a strained Confederate home front. Its capital included $8,000 the city subscribed to help the needy and the families of soldiers away at war, and it aided some 10,000 people. To buy goods, the group sold cotton in Mexico, a trade so vital that the Confederate army detailed soldiers to drive its wagons.

Why it matters

The association reveals the desperate economy of the Confederate home front, where cotton smuggled to Mexico became the lifeline that kept civilian families fed.

Plan your visit

Nearby

Make a day of it — museums, food, and places to stay near this marker.

Museums & culture

Attractions

Food & drink

Places to stay

Places data © OpenStreetMap contributors. Hours and details change — call ahead.

Own a business near here? Add it to the map.

Themes & tags

Civil WarLandmark

Nearby & related markers

Surrender of Federal Forces by General David E. Twiggs

San Antonio, TX

After Texas seceded in early 1861, the state moved to expel some 2,600 federal troops. Frontier fighter Ben McCulloch led 400 volunteers into San Antonio, and on the night of February 15 slipped men into Alamo Plaza to train guns on the federal garrison while hundreds more entered the city. Under mounting pressure, aging Gen. David E. Twiggs surrendered on February 18, handing over more than $3 million in ordnance, wagons, supplies, and a chain of frontier forts—an act that brought him dismissal for treachery, even as he had repeatedly and vainly begged Washington for orders.

Old Military Headquarters

San Antonio, TX

This stone building—later the Vance House hotel—served as U.S. Army administrative offices during the Mexican War of 1846–1847. On February 16, 1861, it became the scene of General David E. Twiggs's surrender of some $1.6 million in Federal property to Confederate Texas forces, one of the war's earliest and largest transfers of U.S. assets. For a time it directed Texas military affairs before those duties scattered to Houston, Bonham, and Shreveport.

Casino Club

San Antonio, TX

Organized in 1853 by San Antonio's cultured German immigrants, the Casino Association built an 1858 clubhouse with a theatre, a 700-seat hall, and banquet and club rooms. During the Civil War its stage hosted military balls, benefit concerts, and minstrel shows for the Confederate cause, while women gathered there to roll bandages. Over the decades its audiences included Robert E. Lee before the war and, later, Ulysses S. Grant and Buffalo Bill.

John Hermann Kampmann

San Antonio, TX

Trained as an architect in Cologne and schooled in the building trades, John Hermann Kampmann fled the revolutionary upheavals of 1848 in central Europe and reached San Antonio that May, one of the German immigrants who reshaped the young Texas city. He rose from stonemason to leading contractor, leaving his mark on the Menger Hotel, St. Mark's Episcopal Church, the German-English School, and much else. Commissioned a Confederate captain in the Civil War, he recruited and equipped volunteers and managed army supplies before returning to his enterprises, ultimately buying the Menger Hotel he had helped build.