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Postwar & Contemporary

Rev. Dr. Leon Howard Sullivan (1922-2001)

Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Marker Inscription

The "Lion of Zion" led the Selective Patronage Movement, opening thousands of jobs to blacks nationwide. He promoted the philosophy of self-help, creating organizations to educate and train minorities. The Global Sullivan Principles, codes of conduct for equal opportunities and human rights, factored prominently in negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa. Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, he pastored at Zion Baptist for 37 years.

Erected by Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

The Story

Known as the "Lion of Zion," the Rev. Dr. Leon Howard Sullivan pastored Philadelphia's Zion Baptist Church for 37 years and turned his pulpit into an engine for economic justice. His Selective Patronage Movement — boycotting companies that refused to hire Black workers — opened thousands of jobs nationwide, and his gospel of self-help built lasting institutions to train minority workers. Decades later, his Global Sullivan Principles pressed corporations toward human rights and helped isolate apartheid South Africa, earning him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Why it matters

Sullivan pioneered the use of economic pressure as a civil rights weapon, extending the American freedom struggle from the shop floor to the world stage.

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