Poletown and Rhodesburg
Grand Saline, Van Zandt County, Texas
Marker Inscription
The first documented mention of a settlement at this site, just west of Jordan's Saline, comes from an 1863 letter by Alice Merrifield. The community was mostly made up of people who fled west to escape the southern battle sites of the Civil War. The small community became known as Poletown, perhaps because of the poles used for home construction, and was one of many such communities formed on unattended land while property owners were away at war. After the war, Poletown residents who were not property owners made arrangements to purchase land or become tenant farmers. A voting precinct was formed in 1873, a school had been established for local children by 1889 and land was deeded to the community for the already existing cemetery in 1900. In 1895, Tom Alexander honored populist Jacob C. Rhodes by deisgnating a section of his land at Poletown as the new town of Rhodesburg (or Rhodesburgh). The city gained national prominence when Rhodes and his followers changed allegiance to the Socialist Party. Rhodes organized the Socialist Party of Texas, and the first Socialist state convention was held later that year. For over a decade, Socialist Party encampments were held just west of Grand Saline. The Socialist Party of Texas reached its peak of popularity by the time of the 1912 presidential election, and received thirty percent support in Van Zandt County. While the National Socialist Party shifted away from tenant farmers' issues and toward labor union issues, the Texas party, including Van Zandt County, began to fracture and weaken while the Democratic Party strengthened. Soon, most of Rhodesburg's political leaders left the area, while many descendants of the earlier settlers remain. (2010)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
During the Civil War, families fleeing the war's front lines settled unattended land here, forming a community that became Poletown, perhaps for the poles used in building homes. In 1895 Tom Alexander laid out the town of Rhodesburg to honor populist Jacob C. Rhodes, who organized the Socialist Party of Texas and hosted its first state convention. Socialist encampments met west of Grand Saline for over a decade, and the party drew thirty percent of Van Zandt County's vote in 1912 before fracturing.
Why it matters
This quiet crossroads was a stronghold of the early-twentieth-century Socialist movement among Texas tenant farmers, a largely forgotten strand of American political history.
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Related people
- · Jacob C. Rhodes
- · Tom Alexander
Themes & tags
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