Padre Island and Padre Nicolas Balli
Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas
Marker Inscription
First called Corpus Christi Island or Isla Santiago, Padre Island was named for Padre Jose Nicolas Balli (177?-1829). His family migrated from Spain in 1569 and became large landowners in the lower Rio Grande Valley, influential in military and governmental affairs. Ordained about 1790, Padre Balli applied to Spain's King Charles IV in 1800 for 11 1/2 leagues of land on the island. Padre Balli had the land surveyed and in 1804 started the first settlement, Rancho Santa Cruz, about 26 miles from the southern tip. He began the island's first mission for the settlers and to Christianize the Karankawa indians. With help from a nephew, Juan Jose Balli, as "Mayordomo" or Foreman, Padre Balli started ranching, bringing in large herds of cattle, horses, and sheep. Padre Balli served as missionary and the collector of finances for all churches in the Rio Grande Valley. With financial aid from his mother Dona Rosa Maria de Hinojosa, he opened the first mission in present Cameron County and began a church and the first school at present Matamoros, Mexico. Padre Balli's ministry influenced the lives of early settlers in south Texas. He was buried near Matamoros.
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
Padre Island takes its name from Padre Jose Nicolas Balli, a priest from a prominent Spanish landowning family of the lower Rio Grande Valley. Ordained about 1790, he secured a grant of island land from the Spanish crown, and in 1804 founded its first settlement, Rancho Santa Cruz, running large herds of cattle, horses, and sheep with his nephew as foreman. Balli also began the island's first mission — meant both for settlers and to Christianize the Karankawa — and started an early church and school near present Matamoros while serving as a missionary across the valley.
Why it matters
Balli's ranching and missions mark the deep Spanish and Mexican roots of South Texas, laying settlement and faith along the Rio Grande long before American statehood.
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Related people
- · Padre Jose Nicolas Balli
- · Juan Jose Balli
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Felix von Blucher
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A German émigré trained in engineering, languages, and law, Felix von Blucher came to Texas in 1845 and joined the settlers at New Braunfels, where he helped John O. Meusebach negotiate the 1847 Comanche treaty that opened the Fisher-Miller grant. After service in the Mexican War he settled in Nueces County, mapped a trade route to Eagle Pass, and became county surveyor. His descendants carried on as surveyors and cartographers of the region for over a century, giving the family enclave the name Blucherville.
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Soldier, colonist, and explorer, Captain Enrique Villarreal once held title to most of what is now Nueces County through the vast Rincon del Oso land grant, awarded by Mexico in 1831 though he had ranched it since 1810. Raiding forced him off the land until peace came in 1824, and as a Mexican officer he fought through the Mexican War for Independence, the Texas Revolution, and the U.S.-Mexican War. When Henry Lawrence Kinney founded his trading post on Villarreal's grant, he set in motion the sales that would make him the land's eventual owner—and give rise to the city of Corpus Christi.
Nueces County
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Mustang Island
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Mustang Island, one of seven Texas barrier islands, took its name from the wild horses descended from shipwrecks and Spanish expeditions, and was long frequented by the nomadic Karankawas. Robert Ainsworth Mercer settled here in 1855 with his family, founding the El Mar Rancho, but the small community scattered during the Civil War when the USS Arthur blockaded Aransas Pass and shelled the island after settlers fired on Federal sailors in 1862. Ranchers returned after the war, and by the 1920s tourism had become the island's economic mainstay.