Old Powder Mill Cemetery
Marshall, Harrison County, Texas
Marker Inscription
Located on part of a site once occupied by a Confederate gun powder factory, this cemetery originated with the burial of slaves on the Powder Mill acreage. After the factory was destroyed in 1865 with the collapse of the Confederacy, the acreage fell into private ownership. One of the landowners, mortician M. M. Rains, began recording the burials here in 1880; however, the earliest known marked grave, that of Millie Abner, is dated 1878. Her husband, David Abner, a former Harrison County Treasurer and member of the 14th Texas Legislature, is also buried here. Old Powder Mill Cemetery is important to the history of Harrison County as the burial ground of many of the leaders of Marshall's Black community who played important roles in local religious, social, business, and political affairs. among those interred here are educators H.B. Pemberton, J.R.E. Lee, and Frederick William Gross; war veterans; businessmen and women; and professionals. Also located in Old Powder Mill Cemetery are the graves of many former members and founders of the Colored (now Bethesda) Baptist Church, including William Massey, a Confederate soldier who served as first pastor. Texas Sesquicentennial 1836-1986
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
This ground first served a Confederate gunpowder factory, and its burials began with enslaved people laid to rest on the mill's acreage. After the factory fell with the Confederacy in 1865, the land passed into private hands, and by 1880 a local mortician began recording graves here. The cemetery became the resting place of many of Marshall's Black leaders — educators, ministers, businesspeople, war veterans, and legislator David Abner among them.
Why it matters
From enslaved laborers to elected officials and educators, the cemetery traces the emergence of a Black community's leadership across slavery, emancipation, and Reconstruction.
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Related people
- · David Abner
- · Millie Abner
- · M. M. Rains
- · William Massey
Themes & tags
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