HistoricSiteMarkers
Reconstruction & Gilded Age

Old McMullen College

Tilden, McMullen County, Texas

Marker Inscription

Established 1881 under leadership of Dr. John Van Epps Covey, founder of three Texas colleges--aided here by civic leaders S.F. Dixon, Dr. M.W.C. Frazier, C.F.H. Hiers, R.W. Johnson, M.F. Lowe and L. Wheeler. A 3-acre site was bought from James Lowe, and S.D. Frazier constructed the building. Funds were raised by subscription to defray initial costs. Dr. Covey, his wife, and the Rev. Woodlief Thomas were teachers during the first year. Accommodations were planned for 100 students. The curriculum included spelling, mathematics, geography, surveying, bookkeeping, logic, history, reading, Latin, other liberal arts courses. In September 1897, after 16 years of service, the college ended its career. Its building was turned over to the trustees of the newly-organized Tilden School District, and used as a public school until January 1926, when a new structure replaced it. Texas had numerous early schools with similar histories. Like McMullen College, these were founded by dedicated civic groups eager to see that young Texans were offered sound education. Most of these small local colleges had primitive facilities and endured repeated financial crises, but they held to ideals they were never able to attain. 1967

Erected by Texas Historical Commission

The Story

In 1881, educator Dr. John Van Epps Covey and a group of local civic leaders founded McMullen College in the small frontier town of Tilden, raising money by subscription to build a schoolhouse for up to 100 students. Its curriculum ranged from spelling and surveying to Latin and logic, reflecting the broad liberal-arts ambitions of these early Texas colleges. After sixteen years the school closed in 1897, and its building carried on as a public school into the 1920s.

Why it matters

McMullen College embodies the grassroots hunger for education in frontier America, where dedicated citizens pooled scarce resources to bring learning to their children long before the state could.

Own a business near here? Add it to the map.

Related people

  • · John Van Epps Covey

Themes & tags

EducationFrontier HistorySchool

Nearby & related markers

Louisa Renshaw Covey

McMullen County, TX

Born in Philadelphia, Louisa Renshaw Covey came to Texas with her husband in the 1850s as a missionary-teacher and won a reputation as a gifted instructor. Together the couple founded and ran three colleges—Alma Institute at Hallettsville, Concrete College near Cuero during the Civil War, and McMullen College at Tilden in 1881. Her life spanned the hard early decades when Texans built schooling from almost nothing.

San Miguel Cemetery

McMullen County, TX

This burial ground was already in use when Mary A. Maverick deeded five acres in 1883 for public school and graveyard purposes, and a one-room schoolhouse soon stood nearby, serving the community until 1938. The oldest dated grave belongs to the infant J.H. Byers, who died in 1875, though many graves here are unmarked. San Miguel Cemetery still records the settlers, veterans, and families who built this corner of McMullen County, cared for by their descendants.

Jessy Franklin Gray

Three Rivers, TX

Jessy Franklin Gray passed the state teachers exam at seventeen and was a school superintendent when the U.S. entered World War I. Commissioned a lieutenant, he fought with the American Expeditionary Force at Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne, was gassed and wounded, and won a Silver Star and Purple Heart for taking command of a leaderless company under fire. Returning home, he served in the Texas House from 1945 to 1953, championing the landmark Gilmer-Aikin education reforms and helping spare Three Rivers from reservoir flooding.

Early Schools in Live Oak County

Three Rivers, TX

Before the 1870s, children in Live Oak County learned from clergymen and ranch hands in cabins, brush arbors, and dugouts. County Judge G. W. Jones launched community schools in 1876 at seven and a half cents a day per student, and in time forty-three tiny schools dotted the county. Oakville built the first free-school building in 1881, and over the following century waves of consolidation reduced those scattered schoolhouses to just two districts by 1970.