Matador Ranch
Matador, Motley County, Texas
Marker Inscription
The Matador Cattle Company began as an open range ranch in 1879 when Henry H. Campbell, A. M. Britton, and three others bought range rights in this area. In 1882, the ranch was purchased by Scottish investors, who formed the Matador Land & Cattle Company, Ltd. The ranch utilized one and one half million acres of owned and leased range in Motley, Floyd, Dickens and Cottle counties. In 1902, the ranch acquired the 210,000 acre Alamocitas Ranch in Oldham County. Additional pastures were leased in the Dakotas, Montana and Canada. At its height the ranch owned 90,000 cattle and title to 879,000 acres of Texas land. In 1913, the Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railroad was built through the ranch in Motley County and the town of Roaring Springs was established. General managers of the ranch were Britton (1879-90), Murdo MacKenzie (1890-1911, 1923-1937), John MacBain (1912-1922), and John MacKenzie (1937-1951). The general manager's office was located first in Fort Worth and later in Trinidad and Denver, Colorado. Corporate offices were maintained in Scotland from 1882 until the ranch's liquidation in 1951. The ranch headquarters was purchased by Koch Industries, Inc. and became The Matador Cattle Company. Texas Sesquicentennial, 1836-1986
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
The Matador Ranch began as an open-range operation in 1879 and, after Scottish investors formed the Matador Land & Cattle Company in 1882, grew into one of the great cattle empires of the American West. At its height it ran 90,000 cattle across nearly 900,000 acres of owned Texas land plus leases stretching into the Dakotas, Montana, and Canada, all managed from corporate offices in Scotland. Long-serving general managers like Murdo MacKenzie made it a byword for scientific ranching until its liquidation in 1951.
Why it matters
The Matador embodies the era of foreign-financed cattle barons who turned the Texas plains into an industrial-scale enterprise linking the frontier to global capital.
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Related people
- · Henry H. Campbell
- · Murdo MacKenzie
- · A. M. Britton
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Tee Pee City
Matador, TX
In the 1870s, when the southern buffalo herd still darkened the plains of West Texas, traders threw up a rough camp of picket houses and tents where the Middle Pease River meets Tee Pee Creek, naming it for the abandoned tipi poles scattered along the water. Charles Rath and his partners hauled in wagons, cattle, and dance-hall gear to profit from the hide trade before moving on. As the hunters emptied the range, Tee Pee City settled into a hard-drinking outpost of saloons, gambling, and gunplay wild enough to draw the Texas Rangers, until the Matador Land and Cattle Company bought the land and shut the saloon in 1904.
Henry H. Campbell
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A North Carolinian who came to Texas in 1854 and served in the Confederate army, Henry Harrison Campbell turned to droving cattle before founding the Matador Ranch at Ballard Springs in 1879. Within three years the operation ran 40,000 head across 100,000 owned acres and 1.5 million more of free range, and in 1882 it was sold to a Scottish syndicate, the Matador Land & Cattle Company. Campbell stayed on as superintendent, led the effort to organize Motley County in 1891, and served as its county judge — his wife Elizabeth famously refusing a dugout and insisting on a proper house.
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