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Early Republic

Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Church

Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Marker Inscription

Founded by German-speaking immigrants in 1787 to preserve their language and customs, Holy Trinity Church was the first German Catholic parish in the U.S. and became a model for other ethnic Catholic parishes. The church was built in 1788-1789. By 1790, members included African Americans and emigrants from Saint-Domingue. The cemetery interred Black parishioners together with those of Euro-pean ancestry. The parish closed in 2009.

Erected by Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

The Story

Founded in 1787 by German-speaking Catholics who wanted to worship and pass on their traditions in their own language, Holy Trinity became the first German national parish in the United States. Its church rose in 1788–1789, and within a few years its congregation and cemetery included African Americans and refugees from the upheaval in Saint-Domingue, buried alongside parishioners of European descent. The model of the ethnic 'national parish' it pioneered would shape American Catholicism for generations before the parish finally closed in 2009.

Why it matters

Holy Trinity pioneered the immigrant national parish that let waves of newcomers keep their language and faith while becoming American, a template that would define urban Catholicism across the country.

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