Henderson
Henderson, Rusk County, Texas
Marker Inscription
Founded as the county seat for the newly created county of Rusk in 1843, Henderson was named for Republic of Texas pioneer and statesman James Pinckney Henderson, who would later become the first Governor of the State of Texas. Land for the town was donated by W. B. Ochiltree, who stipulated that it be named for his friend Henderson, and by Republic of Texas General James Smith, who is known as the "Father of Henderson." Town lots were sold soon after the city was established, with land set aside for both churches and schools. A wooden courthouse was built in the center of town in 1849, and the town grew steadily as homes and businesses were constructed. A disastrous fire destroyed much of the central business district in 1860. Following the Civil War and the arrival of the railroads in this area in the 1870s, a large number of brick structures were built in the downtown area. The discovery of the vast East Texas oil field in 1930 caused an economic boom in Henderson. The population increased from 2,000 to 10,000 within a matter of months. The town continues to serve as a center of commerce and civic activities.
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
Founded in 1843 as the seat of newly created Rusk County, Henderson took its name from Republic of Texas statesman James Pinckney Henderson, later the state's first governor. Land was donated by W. B. Ochiltree and General James Smith, the "Father of Henderson," with lots set aside for churches and schools. A devastating 1860 fire, postwar railroads, and above all the 1930 discovery of the vast East Texas oil field — which swelled the population from 2,000 to 10,000 in months — shaped the town.
Why it matters
Henderson's explosive growth during the East Texas oil boom captures how a single geological discovery could transform a sleepy county seat into a Depression-era boomtown almost overnight.
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Related people
- · James Pinckney Henderson
- · W. B. Ochiltree
- · James Smith
Related events
- · East Texas oil field discovery
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Judge William Wright Morris
Henderson, TX
Born in North Carolina in 1805, William Wright Morris taught school, studied law, and won election as a judge in Alabama before bringing his family — including his widowed sister and her children — to Henderson, Texas, in 1847. He built a fine plantation home, was elected district judge in 1854, served in the Texas legislature, and helped promote the first railroad in East Texas. In 1875 Morris County was named in his honor.
The Railroad in Rusk County
Henderson, TX
Though a rail line was envisioned as early as 1852, tracks did not reach this East Texas county until after the Civil War, when the International & Great Northern arrived in the 1870s and made nearby Overton a railroad hub. The Henderson-Overton branch opened in 1877, and while several small lines rose and fell by the 1920s, freight rail endured as passenger service declined across Texas after World War II.
Brachfield
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This crossroads in Rusk County has worn a remarkable string of names—Gibsontown, Murval, Needmore, and finally Brachfield. The last honored Charles Louis Brachfield, a judge and 23-year state senator who once gave a stump speech here and who in 1926 became the first Jewish candidate for statewide office in Texas when he ran for attorney general. A hotel, school and post office came and went as sawmills, cotton, dairy, cattle, poultry and later oil and gas took turns sustaining the little farming community.
Shiloh Cemetery
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Shiloh Cemetery took root in 1853 with the burial of Maranda Gilbreath, and four years later settler Josiah Johnson formally set the land aside as a public burial ground for a young East Texas community. Among its graves lie pioneers, community leaders, and war veterans, along with many unmarked burials thought to be those of enslaved people. Its Fourth of July cleaning tradition, begun in 1876, turned upkeep of the dead into an annual civic ritual, and the ground sits beside Trammel's Trace, one of the region's oldest wagon roads.