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Civil WarReconstruction & Gilded Age

Groos National Bank

San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

Marker Inscription

Founded by family that was first in San Antonio to engage solely in banking. Outgrowth of business begun by Frederick Groos (1827-1912), a graduate engineer and architect who came to Texas from Germany in 1848. During building of Fort Duncan in 1849, Groos had U.S. Government contract for freighting into Eagle Pass. His drivers--with 140 high-wheel carts and 280 oxen--braved constant danger from Indians, but the business was successful. Groos had branch houses in New Braunfels, San Antonio, and Matamoros, Mexico. His brothers, Carl (1830-1893) and Gustav (1832-1895), joined him in 1854, in merchantile partnership, F. Groos and Co. Primitive banking was a necessary side line of any frontier store; money was kept in packing boxes, or, for safety on the road, hidden in cotton bales or plugged holes in card axles. Bank clients in northern Mexico continued with Groos for generations. Firm moved from Eagle Pass to San Antonio in 1866. In 1879 it expanded by building on Commerce Street (across street from this site) the first structure in San Antonio expressly for a bank. Obtained a national charter in 1912. Descendants of the Groos brothers are active in the city today, and are represented in the management and ownership of the bank. (1968)

Erected by Texas Historical Commission

The Story

Frederick Groos, a German engineer, reached Texas in 1848 and won a government freighting contract during the building of Fort Duncan, sending long trains of ox carts across country plagued by raids. With his brothers he built the mercantile firm F. Groos and Co., where frontier banking meant money hidden in cotton bales and cart axles for safety on the road. In 1879 the family erected San Antonio's first purpose-built bank and took a national charter in 1912.

Why it matters

The Groos story shows how immigrant frontier merchants evolved into the formal banking institutions that financed the growth of the American Southwest.

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Related people

  • · Frederick Groos
  • · Carl Groos
  • · Gustav Groos

Themes & tags

Industry & InventionImmigrationFrontier HistoryLandmark

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