Fort Griffin Civil Jail
Albany, Shackelford County, Texas
Marker Inscription
This structure was the jail used in the town of Fort Griffin located 15 miles north of here, near the United States Army Post of Fort Griffin which defended the frontier from 1867 to 1881. During this period lawlessness was common in the town. Citizens built this thick-walled jail in 1878, although a conspicuous stone bears an earlier date. Gamblers, trail drivers, buffalo hunters, and skinners were frequently held here, as many as 18 at one time. Used as a cowshed after the 1880s the jail was moved here in 1954 by W. G. Webb and the county commissioners. (1974)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
Near the U.S. Army's Fort Griffin, which guarded the Texas frontier from 1867 to 1881, a rough town of the same name drew gamblers, trail drivers, and buffalo hunters — and the lawlessness that came with them. Citizens built this thick-walled jail in 1878 to hold the town's rowdier visitors, sometimes as many as eighteen at once. After the town faded it was reduced to a cowshed before being moved here for preservation in 1954.
Why it matters
It is a tangible relic of the violent boomtown era of the cattle-trail and buffalo-hunting frontier, when civic order was something communities had to build with their own hands.
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Nearby & related markers
Western Cattle Trail Crossings at Fort Griffin, The
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After the Civil War, Texas cattlemen sought new routes to northern railheads, and in 1874 John T. Lytle blazed what became the Western (or Dodge City) Trail, driving 3,500 longhorns from South Texas toward Nebraska. Fort Griffin became a vital watering and supply point as herds crossed the Clear Fork of the Brazos here and at nearby fords. Within a few years the Western Trail carried the bulk of Texas cattle north—three to five million head in all—until the last drive in 1893.
Frontier Town of Fort Griffin
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After the Civil War the U.S. Army built Fort Griffin above the Clear Fork of the Brazos in 1867, and a raucous town called "The Flat" sprang up below it. A stop on the buffalo-hide trade and the Western cattle trail, it drew merchants and soldiers alongside gamblers and gunfighters—Doc Holliday, Wyatt Earp, Lottie Deno, and Big Nose Kate among them. When Albany won the county seat and the railroad, the town faded, though remnants lingered into the mid-20th century.
Civilian Conservation Corps at Fort Griffin
Albany, TX
During the Great Depression the Civilian Conservation Corps put millions of young men to work, and in 1939 a camp opened at Fort Griffin State Park after Shackelford County citizens donated the historic frontier fort to the state. Some two hundred enrollees — soon including local men — built a stone pavilion, park roads, picnic sites, a drainage system, and an entrance gate while attending classes and joining community life. The camp closed in December 1941, and many of its young workers went straight into military service in World War II.
Family Forts, C.S.A.
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During the Civil War, with most able-bodied men away in Confederate service, the scattered families of the Texas frontier faced raids with little military protection. Encouraged by authorities, they "forted up" — crowding into hastily built stockades of dirt-floored log cabins linked by pickets, with a blockhouse for women and children during attacks. The best known nearby was Fort Davis on the Clear Fork of the Brazos, where some 120 people endured the war's last year on little food and long distances from help, yet still managed schooling, weddings, and worship.