Early Wilbarger County
Vernon, Wilbarger County, Texas
Marker Inscription
Organized 1858 and named in honor of Matthias and Josiah P. Wilbarger, early Texas settlers. Josiah, a surveyor, had become famous as the man who lived 12 years after being scalped by Comanches, 1833, near Austin. He had saved his life by putting a wool sock on his head; he was rescued next day by neighbors. An adobe house built 1878 by Jonathan and C. F. Doan, the first Wilbarger County settlers, marks the Red River crossing of the famous Western Cattle Trail. Vernon (formerly Eagle Flat) became county seat in 1881. The first railroad reached town, 1886. (1968)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
Organized in 1858 on the rolling plains of North Texas, Wilbarger County took its name from early settlers, including surveyor Josiah Wilbarger, famous for surviving a scalping. The land here was frontier in the fullest sense: the Doan brothers' adobe house marked the Red River crossing of the Western Cattle Trail, where great herds forded on their way north. The county seat of Vernon, once called Eagle Flat, gained a railroad in 1886 as the open range gave way to towns and rails.
Why it matters
It marks the frontier transition from Comanche country and cattle-trail crossing to a settled, rail-connected county — the classic arc of westward expansion.
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Related people
- · Josiah P. Wilbarger
- · Matthias Wilbarger
- · Jonathan Doan
Related events
- · Western Cattle Trail
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Jonathan Doan
Vernon, TX
A Quaker trader known for keeping peace on a violent frontier, Jonathan Doan came from Ohio into the hides trade of Indian Territory in the mid-1870s. In 1878 he opened a trading post at the Western Cattle Trail's Red River crossing — the famous Doan's Store — soon run by his nephew C. F. Doan. Respected by Indians, cattlemen, and frontiersmen alike, the Doans became fixtures of the great trail-driving era.
Medicine Mound Community
Medicine Mound, TX
The area's earliest inhabitants were Comanche and Kiowa people who camped around four dolomite hills—the Medicine Mounds—prized for their healing properties. After the land was deeded to a railway in 1854 and Anglo settlers arrived in the 1870s, a small village grew, then relocated 2.5 miles north in 1908 when the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway came through. At its peak Medicine Mound held 22 businesses and 500 people, but the Depression and a 1933 fire that burned the whole town drove its decline, and the last business closed in 1966.
The Old Buffalo Road
Electra, TX
This North Texas road took its name from the buffalo hides and bones that moved along it, and it tells the grim story of the American bison's near-extinction. As long as the herds survived, the Plains Indians held the land; authorities encouraged the hunting precisely to break that hold. Hundreds of wagons hauled hides to market over this road before 1878, and after the herds were gone, struggling settlers gathered and sold the leftover bones to Wichita Falls and Henrietta into the 1890s, earning grocery and seed money in hard years.
Van Dorn Trail
Iowa Park, TX
In September 1858, Brevet Major Earl Van Dorn led 200 troopers of the elite 2nd U.S. Cavalry across this stretch of North Texas, blazing the county's first important wagon road as he pushed toward Comanche country. Ahead rode young "Sul" Ross with 100 reservation scouts guided by the loyal Tonkawa chief Placido. The campaign that followed brought sharp fighting near Rush Springs and later victories in Kansas, and the trail's deep ruts, cut by army supply wagons, later guided pioneer settlers into the region.