Eagle Pass, C.S.A.
Eagle Pass, Maverick County, Texas
Marker Inscription
A major terminus of the Cotton Road, customhouse and Confederate port of entry into Mexico 1863-65 when Union forces held lower Rio Grande. Cotton was "lifeblood of the South," Texas its lifeline and storehouse west of the Mississippi. Confederate, state and private agents sent thousands of bales through here to be traded for needed guns, ammunition, clothing, blankets, leather goods and medical supplies. One Arkansas train contained more than 100 wagons loaded with cotton. Arriving from San Antonio over a hot, dusty road threatened by Indians and plagued by bandits, the cotton bales were removed from oxcarts and ferried across the river on barges. It was then sent down the River Road to Matamoros or carried inland sometimes as far as Mexico City. Confederate customs took one-half of all private cotton passing through as export duty, and at one time bales spread from the river bank to the edge of town. Fort Duncan and Camp Rabb, Confederate garrisons, afforded protection for the wagon trains and controlled Eagle Pass which had voted 80 to 3 against state secession. Union sympathizers, renegades and sulkers wanting to avoid the conflict of war fled across the Rio Grande attempting to settle in Mexico. Many slipped back into Texas to prey on wagon trains and isolated ranches. One large party of raiders overcome Fort Duncan and went to attack Eagle Pass. Alerted citizens fighting from behind barricades of cotton bales caused them to flee. Erected by the State of Texas 1963. Erected by the State of Texas 1963.
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
When Union forces seized the lower Rio Grande in 1863, Eagle Pass became a vital Confederate customhouse and port of entry, the western terminus of the famed Cotton Road. Oxcart trains hauled thousands of cotton bales from San Antonio across a dangerous, bandit-plagued road to be ferried into Mexico and traded for guns, medicine, and supplies. Fort Duncan and Camp Rabb guarded the crossing in a town that had voted overwhelmingly against secession, and citizens once fought off raiders from behind barricades of cotton bales.
Why it matters
The Cotton Road through Eagle Pass was the Confederacy's back door to the world, keeping the blockaded South supplied through neutral Mexico.
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Related events
- · Cotton Road trade
- · American Civil War
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Camp Rabb and Fort Duncan, C.S.A.
Eagle Pass, TX
During the Civil War, Camp Rabb was one of eighteen Confederate outposts strung a day's ride apart from the Red River to the Rio Grande, meant to guard against both Indian raids and Federal invasion. Named for a captain in the Frontier Regiment of Texas Cavalry, it watched a ford on the Cotton Road, the vital route by which Southern cotton reached market. Nearby Fort Duncan, a former U.S. post, protected that lifeline trade of cotton for arms and supplies against Union forces upriver.
Val Verde County Courthouse Square
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Organized in 1885 from parts of three surrounding counties, Val Verde County took its name from a New Mexico Civil War battle involving Texas Confederate forces, and it chose the booming railroad town of Del Rio as its seat. A limestone jail went up first on the public square, followed in 1887 by the limestone courthouse designed by Austin architects A. O. Watson and Jacob Larmour, with classical detailing and octagonal corner turrets. The complex was repeatedly enlarged as the region grew, gaining a separate sheriff's facility in 1956.
Maverick County
Eagle Pass, TX
Carved from Kinney County in 1856 and organized in 1871, Maverick County took its name from Samuel A. Maverick, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence. Its county seat, Eagle Pass, sits where the storied El Camino Real crossed the Rio Grande — the same road that carried Spanish missionaries, the explorer Louis St. Denis, Moses Austin, and generations of troops and settlers into Texas. The land holds Spanish mission ruins and old military posts, including Fort Duncan, which sheltered both U.S. and Confederate soldiers.
California Camp
Eagle Pass, TX
After Fort Duncan was founded nearby in 1849, this spot became a camp and staging ground for California-bound forty-niners who chose the southern route through Mexico toward the Gila River or the Pacific port of Mazatlán. Settlers from the older smugglers'-trail town of Paso del Águila moved here for the trade the emigrants brought, and in 1850 San Antonio landowner John Twohig laid out a townsite and named it Eagle Pass. The gold seekers passing through helped seed a permanent border community.