Corsicana in 1860-1872
Corsicana, Navarro County, Texas
Marker Inscription
A center of patriotism especially committed to the Southern cause. After the Nov. 1860 presidential election, citizens lowered the Stars and Stripes and ran up the Texas flag on the Courthouse. Early in 1861 influential men beat drums on the Square to recruit soldiers for the Confederacy. Some 450 Navarro County men enlisted. These included two officers who made outstanding records, Cols. Roger Q. Mills and Clinton M. Winkler. In the Courthouse, county commissioners appropriated funds for arms and ammunition and for support of soldiers' families. In 1864, civilians -- including old men, women and children -- helped stock a Confederate Quartermaster Depot which was located in a store building on this corner. After the Confederate surrender in 1865, Federal troops under Lt. A. R. Chaffee camped on this corner to enforce peace terms. One civilian resisting the troops was John Wesley Hardin, then only 16, and not yet a celebrated gunman. But he notched his pistol in a fight with soldiers 10 miles south of town. The Texas Democratic Convention met in Corsicana in 1872, after Federal troops withdrew, and made plans whereby military despotism was replaced by civilian control of state government by bona fide Texans.
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
Corsicana threw itself into the Southern cause: after the 1860 election, citizens hauled down the U.S. flag over the courthouse, and by 1861 recruiters were beating drums on the square, sending some 450 Navarro County men to war under officers like Cols. Roger Q. Mills and Clinton Winkler. A Confederate quartermaster depot rose on this corner, stocked with help from women, children, and old men. After the 1865 surrender, Federal troops camped here — and a sixteen-year-old John Wesley Hardin, not yet the famous gunman, clashed with soldiers nearby.
Why it matters
This corner distills the Confederate home front and the tense Reconstruction that followed, down to the first violent brush of one of the West's most notorious outlaws.
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Related people
- · Roger Q. Mills
- · Clinton M. Winkler
- · John Wesley Hardin
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Judge E. J. Simkins House
Corsicana, TX
Eldred James Simkins came to Corsicana from South Carolina in 1871, a Confederate veteran of four years' service whose brother was credited with firing the first shot on Fort Sumter. Building the first rooms of this house in 1873, he rose to prominence as a lawyer, University of Texas regent, state senator, and judge on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. He helped draft the law creating the Texas Railroad Commission and authored a respected work on jurisprudence.
Col. Clinton McKamey Winkler
Corsicana, TX
Clinton McKamey Winkler settled in the Republic of Texas in 1840, was admitted to the bar in 1843, and served in the Second Texas Legislature before the Civil War. He raised 150 men for Hood's Brigade and served four years in the Confederate army, suffering a wound at Gettysburg. After the war he returned to the legislature and became one of the three original justices of the Texas Court of Appeals, and a Texas county was named in his honor.
Henry G. Damon
Corsicana, TX
Florida-born Henry G. Damon served in the Confederate army and spent part of the Civil War as a prisoner before starting over in Corsicana in 1873. There he practiced law and founded the Texas Loan Agency, an early real estate mortgage firm that helped finance the region's industrial growth from this building through the 1890s. An active civic booster and prohibitionist, Damon helped shape the young oil town's development.
Colonel Roger Q. Mills
Corsicana, TX
Roger Q. Mills came to Texas from Kentucky in 1849 and rose as a civic and political leader in Navarro County. He joined the call for secession in 1861 and served the Confederacy as a colonel in the 3rd Texas Cavalry and 10th Texas Infantry, taking wounds in battles across Tennessee and Georgia. After the war he helped lead the movement to end Reconstruction in Texas and served two decades in Congress, authoring the Mills Tariff Bill before entering the U.S. Senate.