Britt Johnson
Graham, Young County, Texas
Marker Inscription
(1823-1871) Cowboy, Indian scout, orderly at Fort Belknap in 1850s, who lost a son (Jim) as one of 12 persons killed in Elm Creek Indian raid, Oct. 12, 1864. His wife Mary and children, Jube and Cherry, were among 6 persons captured. Johnson traced his family and by stealth took them from Indian Territory. But the Indians took vengeance. On Jan. 24, 1871, Johnson's camp near here was attacked by Kiowas. Over 100 empty rifle shells at the site showed how valiantly he and companions Dennis Cureton and Paint Crawford fought before being killed and scalped. They were buried by U.S. cavalrymen. (1972)
Erected by Texas Historical Commission
The Story
Britt Johnson, a formerly enslaved African American frontiersman, worked as a cowboy and scout near Fort Belknap when the Elm Creek Raid of October 1864 killed his son and carried his wife and children into captivity. He tracked his family and, by daring and stealth, recovered them from Indian Territory. In 1871 Kiowa warriors attacked his camp near this spot; the more than one hundred spent shells around his body testified to the fierce fight he and two companions waged before they were killed.
Why it matters
Johnson's story — likely an inspiration for the classic Western "The Searchers" — stands as a rare, hard-won record of a Black frontiersman's courage on the violent Texas plains.
Own a business near here? Add it to the map.
Related people
- · Britt Johnson
Related events
- · Elm Creek Raid
Themes & tags
Nearby & related markers
Indian Raid on Elm Creek, CSA
Newcastle, TX
With frontier defenses stripped thin during the Civil War, the Texas borderlands suffered repeated raids, and one of the worst struck near here at the Fitzpatrick Ranch on October 13, 1864. Comanche raiders killed seven ranch people and five Confederate soldiers, carried off six women and children, and drove away thousands of cattle. Among those who lost family that day was Brit Johnson, an enslaved man who later won the raiders' trust, recovered captives, and eventually died at the hands of Indians on the plains.
Site of Third County Courthouse
Graham, TX
Young County's early history swung with the fortunes of the frontier: organized in 1856 at Belknap, it saw its records flee to Jacksboro amid renewed Indian conflict during the Civil War before being reorganized around Graham in 1874. In 1884 workers quarried native sandstone east of town to raise a two-story courthouse laid out as a Greek cross, built by Swedish-born mason N. J. Rosenquist. Razed in 1932, the building survives only in a single preserved archway rescued during 1936 street work.
Harmonson Rancho
Newcastle, TX
Kentucky-born Peter Harmonson came to Texas in 1845 as a settler in the Peters Colony and helped organize Denton County, where he served as its first sheriff. In 1854 he moved his family west to establish a ranch near this site—Harmonson Rancho—and went on to help found Young County as its first chief justice. He died of a wound suffered in the Elm Creek Indian raid in 1865, and years later his old ranch was again the scene of a clash between Indians and cattlemen involving his son.
Warren Wagon Train Massacre
Graham, TX
On May 18, 1871, Kiowa and Comanche warriors leaving the Fort Sill reservation struck Henry Warren's wagon train hauling army supplies across this raw frontier, killing seven teamsters. The chiefs who led the raid were arrested; Satank died resisting, while Satanta pleaded eloquently for his people at a closely watched trial in Jacksboro. Governor E. J. Davis later commuted the resulting death sentences.